Capitalismo y minería global: perspectivas latinoamericanas 1500-1914
No. 89 (2023-07-04)Autor/a(es/as)
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James V. TorresUniversidad de los Andes, Colombia
Resumen
Resumen. Objetivo/Contexto: El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una visión global de la historia de la minería latinoamericana, explorando las oportunidades de diálogo entre historiadores de la minería y especialistas del campo emergente de la nueva historia del capitalismo. El análisis abarca la integración de la región en los mercados mundiales durante el siglo xvi hasta el declive del crecimiento impulsado por las exportaciones a principios del siglo xx. Metodología: El estudio se basa en una panorámica de la literatura clásica y contemporánea, que ofrece nuevas perspectivas para entender los datos existentes sobre la historia de la minería dentro de un contexto global. Al incorporar perspectivas de la geología, la ecología y la economía, se investigan las conexiones entre yacimientos minerales específicos y las diversas trayectorias del desarrollo capitalista a través de América Latina. Originalidad: Se abordan algunos de los vacíos existentes en el análisis de los flujos globales y locales de minerales y se destacan notables contribuciones al campo más amplio de la historia latinoamericana. Se presentan enfoques innovadores para el estudio de los ciclos de producción, los recursos geológicos y ecológicos, los desbordamientos tecnológicos y la economía minera. Conclusiones: En primer lugar, la bibliografía existente se ha centrado predominantemente en los metales preciosos, y son pocos los especialistas que estudian metales no preciosos y minerales no metálicos. En segundo lugar, la narrativa en torno a la historia de la minería se ha centrado en gran medida en la plata, eclipsando la importancia del bimetalismo para comprender el surgimiento del capitalismo global. En tercer lugar, el examen de la dinámica microeconómica de la minería en la región puede ofrecer nuevas oportunidades para explorar el impacto de la minería en las transformaciones sectoriales y empresariales. Por último, la investigación sobre la relación recíproca entre capitalismo y minería debería incorporar investigaciones sobre los sistemas energéticos y medioambientales que sustentaron la extracción y producción de minerales.
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