Capitalism and Global Mining: Latin American Perspectives 1500-1914
No. 89 (2023-07-04)Autor(es)
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James V. TorresUniversidad de los Andes, Colombia
Resumo
Objetivo/contexto: o objetivo deste artigo é fornecer uma visão global da história da mineração na América Latina, explorando oportunidades de diálogo entre historiadores da mineração e especialistas no campo emergente da história do capitalismo. A análise abrange a integração da região aos mercados mundiais durante o século 16 até o declínio do crescimento liderado pelas exportações no início do século 20. Metodologia: o estudo baseia-se em uma visão geral da literatura clássica e contemporânea, que oferece novas perspectivas para a compreensão dos dados existentes sobre a história da mineração em um contexto global. Ao incorporar perspectivas da geologia, ecologia e economia, são investigadas as conexões entre depósitos minerais específicos e as diversas trajetórias de desenvolvimento capitalista na América Latina. Originalidade: são abordadas algumas das lacunas existentes na análise dos fluxos minerais globais e locais e destaca contribuições notáveis para o campo mais amplo da história da América Latina. São apresentadas abordagens inovadoras para o estudo dos ciclos de produção, dos recursos geológicos e ecológicos, das repercussões tecnológicas e da economia da mineração. Conclusões: em primeiro lugar, a literatura existente tem se concentrado predominantemente em metais preciosos, com poucos acadêmicos estudando metais não preciosos e minerais não metálicos. Em segundo lugar, a narrativa sobre a história da mineração tem se concentrado em grande parte na prata, ofuscando a importância do bimetalismo na compreensão do surgimento do capitalismo global. Terceiro, o exame da dinâmica microeconômica da mineração na região pode oferecer novas oportunidades para explorar o impacto da mineração nas transformações setoriais e corporativas. Por fim, a pesquisa sobre a relação recíproca entre capitalismo e mineração deve incorporar investigações sobre os sistemas energéticos e ambientais que sustentaram a extração e a produção mineral.
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