Capitalismo na economia do início da Gujarat moderna: estrutura e organização da produção têxtil e do mercado em Surat no século 18
No. 89 (2023-07-04)Autor(es)
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Ghulam A. NadriGeorgia State University, United States
Resumo
Objetivo/Contexto: este estudo tem dois objetivos principais. Primeiro, ele explora a dinâmica estrutural e organizacional da indústria e do mercado têxtil no início da Índia moderna, particularmente em Gujarat no século 18. Nesse contexto, ele também examina como o mercado e a relação entre tecelões e comerciantes impactaram tanto a ascendência da Companhia Inglesa das Índias Orientais na economia política da Índia Ocidental quanto a transição da região para uma economia colonial. Metodologia: este artigo baseia-se na literatura sobre produção e comércio de têxteis, bem como sobre o capitalismo na Índia moderna e no início da colônia, e usa evidências sobre Gujarat dos registros das Companhias das Índias Orientais inglesa e holandesa. Originalidade: argumenta-se que a relação entre tecelões e comerciantes em Surat/Gujarat era dinâmica, complementar e, às vezes, contenciosa. Nenhum deles dominava a relação, e a Companhia das Índias Orientais inglesa não conseguiu substituir uma relação de produção baseada na coerção por uma baseada no mercado. Conclusões: a dinâmica — como a especialização e a inovação de produtos, a divisão do trabalho, o sistema de contratos e as compras a prazo — aponta para a existência do capitalismo comercial na economia têxtil. O artigo também argumenta que, devido à extraordinária diversidade de pessoas que trabalhavam no setor e suas diferentes experiências profissionais e transacionais, é relevante reconhecer que o capitalismo comercial representa um modo de produção que coexistia com outros na economia.
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