Antípoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología

Antipod. Rev. Antropol. Arqueol | eISSN 2011-4273 | ISSN 1900-5407

Transnational Care Plots: “Wrestling with the Angels,” Theory and Metaphors on Care and Migration

No. 43 (2021-04-01)
  • Camila Esguerra Muelle
    Grupo Interdisciplinario de Estudios de Género (GIEG), Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Abstract

In this article, I further explore the theoretical proposal of what I call transnational care plots. I do so based on an approximately decade-long research agenda on migration and care, using over a hundred stories and nearly fifty body mappings derived from a multi-sited and collaborative ethnography conducted in Colombia and Spain (Cali, Medellin, Cartagena, Bogota, Barcelona, and Madrid). I draw on the notion of global care chains, as coined by Arlie Hochschild, to provide a metaphor that leads to a more fluid and acute mental picture of the number and complexity of the intertwining trajectories of those who migrate and care in a world that does not yet give fair recognition to the implications of the transnationalized care regime on life in general, and on the lives of migrants in particular. Drawing on Stuart Hall’s dissertations on the usefulness of metaphors in the domain of theorizing — what he calls “wrestling with angels” — and on narratives constructed from multisite ethnography and a reflexive approach, I develop the image of transnational care plots as a metaphor with discursive, somatic, political, aesthetic and affective dimensions. Little has been written about Colombia’s place in these chains or plots, despite the fact that it is one of the central countries in the operation of the transnationalized care regime. At the same time, I develop a complexification of the so far little explored notion of global care chains, which is essential to envisioning and shaping the narratives of migrant care workers and to understand the politics of dispossession involved there. This, in turn allows us to imagine possible futures that go against the tide and which “wrestle with the angels.”

Keywords: Care, ethnographic theory, global care chains, metaphors, migration, multi-sited ethnography

References

Alcaldía Municipal de Santiago de Cali. 2016. “Casa Matria, un espacio para las mujeres”. https://www.cali.gov.co/bienestar/publicaciones/116970/casa_matria_un_espacio_para_las_mujeres/

Almanza-Hernández, Roberto. 2008. “Stuart Hall y el descenso a lo ‘mundano’. Una forma de imaginar y practicar los estudios culturales”. Tabula Rasa 8: 133-143. https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.325

Bettio, Francesca, AnnamariaSimonazzi y PaolaVilla. 2006. “Change in Care Regimes and Female Migration: The ‘Care Drain’ in the Mediterranean”. Journal of European Social Policy 16 (3): 271-285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928706065598

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1986. “The Forms of Capital”. En Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education, editado por John G.Richardson, 241-258. Nueva York: Greenwood Press.

Brown, Rachel H. 2016. “Re-Examining the Transnational Nanny: Migrant Carework Beyond the Chain”. International Feminist Journal of Politics 18 (2): 210-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2015.1007728

Cabnal, Lorena. 2015. SUDS, 11 de septiembre. https://suds.cat/es/experiencias/lorena-cabnal-feminista-comunitaria/

CooperAcció y La Directa. 2020. Conversatorio cuidar, migrar, cuidar: cadenas globales de cuidados y extractivismo. Cataluña, 21 de mayo. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MopHCy4TZ4I&feature=youtu.be

Esguerra Muelle, Camila. 2020a. “Del cuerpo al mundo, del mundo al cuerpo: etnografía, migración y cuidado”. En Investigar a la intemperie, editado por Carlos ArturoLópez, 59-92. Bogotá: Editorial Javeriana.

Esguerra Muelle, Camila. 2020b. “Complejo industrial fronterizo, sexualidad y género”. Tabula Rasa 33: 107-136. https://doi.org/10.25058/20112742.n33.0

Esguerra Muelle, Camila. 2019. “Etnografía, acción feminista y cuidado: una reflexión personal mínima”. Antípoda. Revista de Antropología y Arqueología 35: 91-111. https://doi.org/10.7440/antipoda35.2019.05

Esguerra Muelle, Camila. 2015. “Mujeres imaginadas: mujeres migrantes, mujeres exiliadas y sexualidades no normativas”. Tesis doctoral, Doctorado en Humanidades, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Getafe.

Esguerra Muelle, Camila. 2014. “Dislocación y borderland: una mirada oblicua desde el feminismo descolonial al entramado migración, régimen heterosexual, (pos)colonialidad y globalización”. Universitas Humanística 78: 137-161. https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/univhumanistica/article/view/6528

Esguerra Muelle, Camila, DianaOjeda y FriederikeFleischer. En prensa. “Forced Displacement, International Migration and (Trans)national Care Networks: The Urban Other in Colombia and Spain”. En A Feminist Urban Theory for Our Times: Reconsidering Social Reproduction, the Urban and Its Constitutive Outside, editado por Linda J.Peak, ElsaKoleth y PatrickDarren. Toronto: The City Institute / York University.

Esguerra Muelle, Camila, IvetteSepúlveda, LauraCastrillón, María delos Ángeles Balaguera, ElizaEnache y AlíMajul. 2016. “Protocolo metodológico, ético, de seguridad y operativo, investigación ‘Migración y cadenas globales de cuidado’”. Documento sin publicar, Cider, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá.

Esguerra Muelle, Camila, IvetteSepúlveda y FriederikeFleischer. 2018. Se nos va el cuidado se nos va la vida: migración, destierro, desplazamiento y cuidado en Colombia. Documentos de Política 3. Bogotá: Cider / Universidad de los Andes. https://cider.uniandes.edu.co/sites/default/files/publicaciones/documentos-de-politica/2018-Documento-politica-se-nos-va-el-cuidado-migracion-destierro-desplazamiento-colombia.pdf

Hall, Stuart. 1992. “Cultural Studies and its Theoretical Legacies”. En Cultural Studies, editado por LawrenceGrossberg, CaryNelson y PaulaTreichler, 277-294. Nueva York; Londres: Routledge.

Hochschild, Arlie Russell. 2000. “Global Care Chains and Emotional Surplus Value”. En On the Edge: Living with Global Capitalism, editado por WillHutton y AnthonyGiddens, 130-146. Londres: Jonathan Cape.

Kang, Miliann. 2010. The Managed Hand: Race, Gender, and the Body in Beauty Service Work.Los Ángeles: University of California Press.

Kontopoulos, Kyriakos. 1993. The Logics of Social Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lassiter, Luke Eric. 2005. The Chicago Guide to Collaborative Ethnography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lazzarato, Maurizzio. 2006. Políticas del acontecimiento. Buenos Aires: Tinta Limón.

Lugones, María. 2007. “Heterosexualism and the Colonial/Modern Gender System”. Hypatia 22 (1): 186-219. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4640051

Manalansan, Martin F. 2006. “Queer Intersections: Sexuality and Gender in Migration Studies”. International Migration Review 40 (1): 224-249. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27645585

Marcus, George E. 1995. “Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography”. Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 95-117. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.000523

Massey, Douglas S. 1998. “March of Folly: US Immigration Policicy after NAFTA”. The American Prospect (mar.-abr.): 22-33.

Massey, Douglas S., JorgeDurand y FernandoRiosmena. 2006. “Capital social, política social y migración desde comunidades tradicionales y nuevas comunidades de origen en México”. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas 116: 97-121. http://www.reis.cis.es/REIS/PDF/REIS_116_051169724704463.pdf

Mbembe, Achile. 2011. Necropolítica. Barcelona: Melusina.

Nadasen, Premilla. 2017. “Rethinking Care: Arlie Hochschild and the Global Care Chain”. WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly 45 (3-4): 124-128. http://doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2017.0049

Sandoval, Chela. 2004. “Nuevas ciencias. Feminismo cyborg y metodología de los oprimidos”. En Otras inapropiables: feminismos desde las fronteras, de BellHookset al., 81-106. Madrid: Traficantes de Sueños.

Sassen, Saskia. 2003. Contrageografías de la globalización: género y ciudadanía en los circuitos transfronterizos. Madrid: Queimada Gráficas.

Tronto, Joan. 2018. “Economía, ética y democracia: tres lenguajes en torno al cuidado”. En Género y cuidado: teorías, escenarios y políticas, editado por Luz GabrielaArango Gaviria, Adira AmayaUrquijo, TaniaPérez-Bustos y JavierPineda Duque, 22-36. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia / Pontificia Universidad Javeriana / Universidad de los Andes.