A mobilização legal fundamentada no direito à água do povo wayúu contra a represa El Cercado: um meio eficaz para a batalha jurídica popular centrada nos tribunais?
No. 34 (2019-01-01)Autor(es)
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Sergi Vidal Parra
Resumo
Objetivo/contexto: Nos últimos anos, a redução na disponibilidade, acessibilidade e qualidade da água na Alta e Média Guajira provocou a morte de milhares de Wayúu. Esse cenário foi causado pelas secas, pela redução da pluviosidade e pelo hidrocolonialismo protagonizado por projetos mineiros e hidroelétricos. Este estudo analisa a eficácia da mobilização legal dos Wayúu que buscou acabar com a violação generalizada de seus direitos fundamentais a partir da exigibilidade e justiciabilidade do direito humano à água. Metodologia: o estudo analisa os efeitos da mobilização legal dos Wayúu segundo o enfoque metodológico proposto por Siri Gloppen, que aborda a eficácia das estratégias de lawfare from below a partir de duas dimensões: em sentido estreito (ganhar os casos nos tribunais) e em sentido amplo (mudar as políticas, fortalecer o protesto social e incrementar o debate público sobre um problema social). Conclusões: o balanço dos efeitos da mobilização legal dos Wayúu é misto: em grande medida bem-sucedido com respeito à resposta dos tribunais e em grande medida frustrado com respeito ao cumprimento das decisões dos tribunais por parte do Governo. Se por um lado a mobilização legal dos Wayúu alcançou mudanças nas políticas públicas, por outro lado as medidas adotadas foram insuficientes e as crianças Wayúu continuam morrendo por falta de acessibilidade, disponibilidade e qualidade da água. No entanto, as alianças estratégicas realizadas pelos Wayúu abriram uma oportunidade para reverter esse cenário: a declaração do estado de coisas inconstitucional por parte da Corte Constitucional. Originalidade: o estudo da exigibilidade e justiciabilidade do direito humano à água a partir da conceptualização de lawfare proposta por Siri Gloppen permite abordar integramente a análise da eficácia dos processos de mobilização legal.
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