Antropologia e cidade. Arte de rua na Comuna 13 de Medellín: uma prática para fazer cidade e uma ferramenta etnográfica
No. 58 (2025-01-10)Autor(es)
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Claudio RigaUniversidad de Los Andes, ColômbiaORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-6838
Resumo
Atualmente, os antropólogos do urbano começaram a se afastar das abordagens tradicionais da cidade como simples “objeto” ou “contexto” de pesquisa para uma abordagem que entende a cidade como um processo dinâmico que é configurado e reconfigurado pelas práticas de fazer cidade de seus habitantes. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a arte urbana como prática de fazer cidades e uma ferramenta antropológica para estudar as cidades contemporâneas como processos dinâmicos, e não como meros “objetos” ou “contextos”. Esta análise se baseia em um trabalho de campo etnográfico realizado na Comuna 13 de Medellín, Colômbia, entre 2022 e 2023. O objetivo da pesquisa foi estudar o impacto da arte urbana nas experiências de vida dos residentes da comuna. Para tanto, o estudo utilizou a etnografia de percurso e a fotoetnografia para implementar um novo método que aproveita e integra a prática local do Graffitour — um percorrido guiado que narra a história da Comuna 13 por meio da arte urbana. O autor participou de 10 desses tours, durante os quais registrou as narrações do guia e fotografou as obras de arte urbana. Neste artigo, são apresentadas e analisadas cinco dessas obras — cada uma delas representa um período específico da história da comuna —, bem como as narrativas que as acompanham, a fim de permitir que os leitores observem a Comuna 13 mais como um processo dinâmico e menos como um objeto estático ou um simples contexto. Paralelamente, o texto procura destacar a arte urbana como prática poderosa por meio da qual os moradores fazem cidade. Além de sua ampla popularidade em todo o mundo como forma de expressão artística, a arte urbana tem características contextuais e situadas profundas que oferecem novos caminhos para o estudo de fenômenos urbanos complexos; no entanto, seu potencial para a compreensão antropológica ainda não foi explorado. Nesse sentido, o artigo busca contribuir para essa lacuna e oferecer à academia novas e fascinantes possibilidades para o estudo das cidades contemporâneas por meio das lentes da arte urbana.
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