Impactos y consecuencias de las innovaciones democráticas digitales en los partidos políticos
No. 123 (2025-07-01)Autor/a(es/as)
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Gema Sánchez MederoUniversidad Complutense de Madrid - ICCA (España)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8047-0472
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Rubén Sánchez MederoUniversidad Carlos III de Madrid (España)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8799-5685
Resumen
Objetivo/contexto: en los últimos años, los partidos políticos han experimentado una profunda transformación a través de la adopción de herramientas digitales orientadas a incrementar la participación y el compromiso de sus militantes en los procesos internos. Las innovaciones democráticas digitales han surgido como una respuesta clave a la crisis de legitimidad y la pérdida de membresía que enfrentan los partidos tradicionales. Este artículo ofrece un panorama integral de las principales innovaciones democráticas digitales implementadas por los partidos, analizando tanto sus formas —como plataformas online, primarias digitales, recaudación de fondos y espacios deliberativos— como su impacto en la democracia intrapartidista. Metodología: mediante un enfoque descriptivo-analítico, el artículo aclara primero los conceptos de innovación democrática y digital, y luego revisa sistemáticamente las herramientas digitales utilizadas por los partidos para abrir nuevos canales de participación y toma de decisiones. Además, examina los factores explicativos de la digitalización-como la edad, tamaño, ideología y contexto institucional del partido-y evalúa críticamente el potencial y las limitaciones de estas innovaciones. Conclusiones: la democratización de los partidos a través de medios digitales ha producido resultados mixtos y aún dista de las expectativas. El artículo concluye con recomendaciones prácticas para fortalecer la participación significativa, la transparencia y la inclusión en la democracia interna. Originalidad: la originalidad de este estudio reside en su mapeo integrador y análisis crítico de las innovaciones democráticas digitales recientes en los partidos políticos, ofreciendo tanto una visión amplia como aportes matizados sobre su impacto real.
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