Activismo sociopartidario: democratización de la representación política
No. 125 (2026-01-14)Autor/a(es/as)
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Debora Rezende de AlmeidaUniversidade de Brasília (Brasil)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4752-8892
Resumen
Objetivo/contexto: el artículo desarrolla el concepto de activismo sociopartidario para explicar cómo los activistas interactúan simultáneamente con partidos políticos y movimientos sociales a través de los mandatos colectivos de Brasil, examinando las condiciones bajo las cuales esta doble interacción puede democratizar la representación política. Metodología: un estudio cualitativo de casos múltiples analiza 33 mandatos colectivos (29 elegidos en las elecciones municipales de Brasil de 2020, dos precursores municipales de 2016 y dos mandatos a nivel estatal de 2018) basándose en 64 entrevistas semiestructuradas con 74 personas, una extensa investigación documental y un análisis de contenido inductivo-deductivo utilizando Atlas.ti. Conclusiones: las afiliaciones múltiples entre movimientos y partidos están generalizadas en los mandatos colectivos, lo que permite la transferencia de repertorios participativos y de conocimientos activistas a la práctica legislativa mediante estructuras de oficina horizontales, consejos políticos ampliados y una participación sostenida en comités, audiencias, territorios y protestas, tanto dentro como fuera de las instituciones. Los conflictos surgen de las limitaciones organizativas de los partidos y la ambigüedad legal en torno a las candidaturas colectivas, las rutinas deliberativas verticales y poco rigurosas de las legislaturas, las disputas entre facciones dentro del Partido de los Trabajadores (PT) y el Partido Socialismo y Libertad (PSOL), y la desigualdad en la alineación interna; presiones que pueden fragmentar a los colectivos incluso al ampliar la inclusión de grupos históricamente excluidos. Tres condiciones influyen tanto en el éxito como en el conflicto: la organización partidaria y legislativa, las afinidades compartidas y la alineación programática entre los concejales, y las microrrelaciones dentro de los partidos. En conjunto, estos factores condicionan cómo el activismo socio-partidista puede recalibrar la representación. Originalidad: al mover el foco analítico de las organizaciones a los activistas, el artículo introduce un marco generalizable —el activismo sociopartidario— que amplía la investigación partido–movimiento más allá de las alianzas episódicas al compromiso dual cotidiano, mapeando cómo los mandatos colectivos adaptan los repertorios del movimiento a las instituciones representativas mientras refuerzan las redes de la sociedad civil y proponiendo una visión integral del universo de los mandatos colectivos elegidos en el momento del estudio.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Debora Rezende de Almeida
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.