Colombia Internacional

Colomb. int. | eISSN 1900-6004 | ISSN 0121-5612

La consulta anticorrupción en Colombia: ¿Por qué fracasó?

No. 100 (2019-10-01)
  • Michael Haman
    University of Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic)
https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint100.2019.08

Resumen

Objetivo/contexto: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los resultados de la consulta anticorrupción de 2018 en Colombia. Colombia es un país que tiene un importante problema de corrupción. Más del 99% de los votantes que acudieron a las urnas votaron a favor de las propuestas. Sin embargo, el referéndum anticorrupción fracasó porque no se movilizó a un número suficiente de ciudadanos para participar. El artículo aborda las razones por las que la participación fue muy baja. Metodología: Examino los resultados a nivel municipal. Presento un conjunto de datos originales de 1101 municipios colombianos. Utilizo modelos de regresión por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios para probar teorías basadas en la literatura relacionada con los referendos, la corrupción y la transparencia. Además, también analizo la participación de los votantes en las elecciones presidenciales de 2018 para compararla con la participación en la consulta. Conclusiones: Encuentro que cuanto más transparente es un municipio, mayor es el porcentaje del electorado municipal que votó a favor de las propuestas en la consulta. Además, encuentro que donde el apoyo en los municipios a Sergio Fajardo fue mayor y el apoyo a Iván Duque en las elecciones presidenciales fue menor, mayor fue el apoyo a las propuestas. También, la participación fue menor en los municipios con tasas de pobreza más altas y tasas de homicidio más altas. Originalidad: Este artículo contribuye al debate global actual sobre la democracia directa. Como la consulta anticorrupción se celebró recientemente, aún no se ha realizado el análisis adecuado. Además, debido a la naturaleza de las preguntas en la consulta, este tema está estrechamente relacionado con la investigación sobre la corrupción. Por lo tanto, esta investigación es una oportunidad única para examinar juntos la corrupción y la democracia directa.

Palabras clave: elecciones, Colombia, consulta, democracia directa, transparencia

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