Percepción de integridad electoral, confianza en las elecciones y comprensión de la democracia: una aproximación a la “paradoja mexicana”
No. 110 (2022-04-01)Autor/a(es/as)
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Alejandro Monsiváis-CarrilloDepartamento de Estudios de Administración Pública/El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (México)
Resumen
Objetivo/contexto: es común que la ciudadanía asocie a la democracia con diferentes valores y resultados deseables. Una comprensión informada de la democracia requiere, sin embargo, que la gente la conciba como un régimen en el que las elecciones son libres y limpias, el Gobierno está limitado por la legalidad y la ciudadanía goza de iguales derechos y libertades. El argumento es que una comprensión informada de la democracia liberal-electoral refuerza la relación positiva entre la percepción de integridad electoral y la confianza en las elecciones. Metodología: con base en encuestas de opinión pública, el análisis empírico se centra en el caso de México, donde se observa una amplia desconfianza ciudadana en las elecciones a pesar de que los comicios suelen ser libres y limpios. El análisis se replica en otros países de América Latina. Conclusiones: el análisis revela que es más probable que los votantes confíen en las elecciones si perciben que los votos se cuentan limpiamente, los funcionarios electorales son imparciales, los medios ofrecen una cobertura equilibrada o las mujeres tienen iguales oportunidades de ser candidatas. Este estudio muestra, además, que los votantes que perciben integridad electoral y tienen una comprensión informada de la democracia expresarán más confianza en las elecciones que quienes no conciben la democracia de esa forma. Originalidad: los resultados confirman que una concepción informada de la democracia fortalece la confianza en las elecciones entre quienes perciben integridad en el proceso electoral.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.