Brecha del rendimiento académico entre estudiantes rurales y urbanos en Colombia
No. 97 | 2024-06-30Autor/a(es/as)
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Wilson Fernando Rodriguez GomezUniversidad de La SabanaIdentificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6326-5386
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Efrén Yamid Rodríguez Gómez
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Jose E. Gomez-GonzalezCity University of New York - Lehman CollegeIdentificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-9699
Resumen
En este artículo se exploran los determinantes y brechas del rendimiento estudiantil rural-urbano en Colombia, una nación caracterizada por una marcada desigualdad. Se estima una función de producción de educación a nivel de estudiante en diferentes puntos a lo largo de la distribución de logros. Como resultados, aplicando la descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinde, se reportan estimaciones de cuánto de la diferencia de rendimiento entre estudiantes urbanos-rurales puede explicarse por aspectos que incluyen características individuales, familiares y escolares. Estos indican que las diferencias medias en el rendimiento entre los estudiantes de las escuelas colombianas rurales y urbanas son significativas. Los factores observables, especialmente las características de la escuela, son los principales impulsores de la brecha de rendimiento. Utilizando regresión cuantilica, se observan diferencias sustanciales cuando se consideran diferentes percentiles de prueba de la distribución del rendimiento. Estos datos sugieren que una forma en la que la educación puede reducir las brechas en el rendimiento de los estudiantes es invertir en mejorar la calidad de las escuelas en las zonas rurales.
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