Equilibrio del modelo de búsqueda en una economía con sector informal: análisis positivo de políticas del mercado laboral
No. 75 | 2015-01-01Autor/a(es/as)
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Luz Adriana Flórez
Resumen
Este artículo contribuye al análisis teórico de la informalidad con el enfoque de los modelos de búsqueda. Siguiendo como guía el trabajo de Albrecht, Navarro y Vroman (2009), en el cual el sector informal esta constituido por aquellos trabajadores cuenta propia que no tienen ninguna regulación. En este artículo se describe el equilibrio en un modelo de búsqueda, con un sector informal, donde los trabajadores son neutrales al riesgo y el gobierno observa cuando un trabajador es formal e informal. Para este caso se resuelve el equilibrio usando tres instrumentos de política: el beneficio del desempleo, impuesto de suma fija para los empleados formales y subsidio a la creación de empleo. Se analiza el efecto de estas políticas en la tasa de desempleo, el empleo formal y el empleo informal. Finalmente se muestra cómo estas políticas afectan los incentivos de los trabajadores a ser formales e informales, cambiando la composición de estos tipos de trabajadores en el mercado laboral.
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