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Desarro. soc. | eISSN 1900-7760 | ISSN 0120-3584

¿Desigualdad y pobreza como determinantes de la confianza generalizada? Análisis con datos panel

No. 76 (2016-01-01)
  • Jorge Cuartas Ricaurte
    Asistente graduado, Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo, Universidad de los Andes. Dirección: Calle 19 n.º 3-10, torre B, edificio Barichara, oficina 1402. Correo electrónico: ja.cuartas10@uniandes.edu.co.
https://doi.org/10.13043/dys.76.2

Resumen

La confianza generalizada se ha considerado un componente principal del capital social y se le ha atribuido generar resultados económicos favorables para el desarrollo socioeconómico de un país. La evidencia sugiere que la desigualdad económica es una de las variables que mejor explican la variación de la confianza entre países. Sin embargo, estos resultados han sido criticados por posibles problemas de endogeneidad y por no diferenciar los efectos de la distribución de los de la cantidad de recursos. Para aportar a esta discusión, se utilizan datos de corte transversal e instrumentan variables potencialmente endógenas. Además, se emplea un panel de datos con 130 países en tres momentos del tiempo para realizar estimaciones por efectos aleatorios y fijos. Los resultados indican que un incremento de un punto porcentual en el índice de Gini reduce cerca de medio punto porcentual el porcentaje de personas que confían en el país, mientras que la riqueza de la nación, medida con el PIB per cápita, no tiene ningún efecto significativo sobre la confianza generalizada.

Palabras clave: confianza generalizada, capital social, desigualdad, pobreza

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