Diferenciales espaciales en la tasa de desempleo en Colombia
No. 76 (2016-01-01)Autor/a(es/as)
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Ana María DíazPontificia Universidad Javeriana, Departamento de Economía, Calle 40 No. 6-23, Ed. Gabriel Giraldo S. J. Piso 8°, Bogotá. E-mail: a.diaze@javeriana.edu.co.
Resumen
Entre 1993 y 2005 la tasa de desempleo de los municipios colombianos experimentó un proceso de polarización. Este proceso estuvo acompañado de la creación de clústeres espaciales de desempleo. En este artículo se utiliza un modelo Durbin espacial para explorar la influencia de diversos factores en la determinación de las diferencias en las tasas de desempleo municipales y propone una metodología de descomposición que permite cuantificar qué parte de la variación en la tasa de desempleo se explica por las variables incluidas en el modelo y qué parte se explica por las variables omitidas. De acuerdo con nuestros resultados, diferencias en la demanda de trabajo, las tasas de inmigración y la urbanización son factores que explican las disparidades municipales de desempleo observadas. Este artículo también explora si los diferentes grupos de regiones reaccionan de manera distinta a un impulso del mercado de trabajo.
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