Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad logo

Desarro. soc. | eISSN 1900-7760 | ISSN 0120-3584

Satisfacción con democracia en América Latina: ¿las características del sistema político importan?

No. 83 (2019-07-01)
  • Selim Jürgen Ergun
  • M. Fernanda Rivas
  • Máximo Rossi
https://doi.org/10.13043/dys.83.9

Resumen

Las actitudes de los ciudadanos son cruciales para prevenir o impulsar el retroceso democrático, específicamente la satisfacción con el funcionamiento del sistema democrático. Analizamos el nexo entre las reglas y las características del sistema político con la satisfacción con la democracia en América Latina. Usando datos de encuestas proporcionados por Latinobarometer, se han estimado modelos multilevel logit ordenados. Encontramos que la satisfacción es mayor en los países que utilizan una regla electoral proporcional para elegir la legislatura. La regla utilizada para elegir al presidente está parcialmente relacionada con la satisfacción con la democracia, mientras que la edad de la democracia tiene una relación negativa con la satisfacción. Por otro lado, el grado de obligatoriedad del voto en las elecciones y el grado de federalismo no están relacionados con la satisfacción con la democracia. Nuestros resultados sugieren que una legislatura más representativa y una lucha más fuerte contra la corrupción podrían mejorar el nivel de satisfacción con la democracia.

Palabras clave: reglas electorales, federalismo, voto obligatorio, corrupción, América Latina

Referencias

Aarts, K., & Thomassen, J. (2008). Satisfaction with democracy: Do institutions matter? Electoral Studies, 27(1), 5-18. doi: 10.1016/j.electstud.2007.11.005

Anderson, C.J., Blais, A., Bowler, S., Donovan, T., & Listhaug, O. (2005). Losers’ consent: Elections and democratic legitimacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Anderson, C. J., & Tverdova, Y. V. (2003). Corruption, political allegiances, and attitudes toward government in contemporary democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 47(1), 91-109 doi: 10.1111/1540-5907.00007

Anderson, C. J., & Guillory, C. A. (1997). Political institutions and satisfaction with democracy: A cross-national analysis of consensus and majoritarian systems. American Political Science Review, 91(01), 66-81 doi: 10.2307/2952259

Anderson, C. J., & Singer, M. M. (2008). The sensitive left and the impervious right: Multilevel models and the politics of inequality, ideology, and legitimacy in Europe. Comparative Political Studies, 41(4-5), 564-599. doi: 10.1177/0010414007313113

Ariely, G. (2013). Public administration and citizen satisfaction with democracy: Cross-national evidence. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 79(4), 747-766.

Armingeon, K., & Guthmann, K. (2014). Democracy in crisis? The declining support for national democracy in European countries, 2007-2011. European Journal of Political Research, 53(3), 423-442. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12046

Banducci, S. A., & Karp, J. A. (2003). How elections change the way citizens view the political system: Campaigns, media effects and electoral outcomes in comparative perspective. British Journal of Political Science, 33(03), 443-467. doi: 1.1017/S000712340300019X

Benoit, K. (2004). Models of electoral system change. Electoral Studies, 23(3), 363-389.

Berggren, H. M., Fugate, G. A., Preuhs, R. R., & Still, D. R. (2004). Satisfied? Institutional determinants of citizen evaluations of democracy. Politics & Policy, 32(1), 72-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-1346.2004.tb00176.x

Berry, B. J., & Tello Rodriguez, O. S. (2010). Dissatisfaction with democracy: Evidence from the Latinobarómetro 2005. Journal of Politics in Latin America, 2(3), 129-142.

Boix, C. (1999). Setting the rules of the game: the choice of electoral systems in advanced democracies. American Political Science Review, 93(3), 609-624.

Canache, D., Mondak, J. J., & Seligson, M. A. (2001). Meaning and measurement in cross-national research on satisfaction with democracy. Public Opinion Quarterly, 65(4), 506-528. doi: 10.1086/323576

Chang, E. C., & Chu, Y. H. (2006). Corruption and trust: Exceptionalism in Asian democracies?. The Journal of Politics, 68(2), 259-271. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2508.2006.00404.x

Cheibub, J. A., Gandhi, J., & Vreeland, J. R. (2010). Democracy and dictatorship revisited. Public Choice, 143(1-2), 67-101. doi: 10.1007/s11127-009-9491-2

Colomer, J. M. (2005). It’s parties that choose electoral systems (or, Duverger’s laws upside down). Political Studies, 53(1), 1-21.

Curini, L., Jou, W., & Memoli, V. (2012). Satisfaction with democracy and the winner/loser debate: The role of policy preferences and past experience. British Journal of Political Science, 42(02), 241-261. doi: 10.1017/S0007123411000275

Ergun, S. J. (2010). From plurality rule to proportional representation. Economics of Governance, 11(4), 373-408.

Farrer, B., & Zingher, J. N. (2018). A global analysis of how losing an election affects voter satisfaction with democracy. International Political Science Review. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512118779213 10.1177/0192512118779213

Fernandez, K. E., & Kuenzi, M. (2010). Crime and support for democracy in Africa and Latin America. Political Studies, 58(3), 450-471. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2009.00802.x

Friedrichsen, J., & Zahn, P. (2014). Political support in hard times: Do people care about national welfare?. European Journal of Political Economy, 35, 23-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.03.007

Gerring, J., & Thacker, S. C. (2004). Political institutions and corruption: The role of unitarism and parliamentarism. British Journal of Political Science, 34(2), 295-330.

Guldbrandtsen, M., & Skaaning, S. E. (2010). Satisfaction with democracy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Assessing the effects of system performance. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 4(5), 164-172.

Helmke, G., & Meguid, B. M. (2010). Endogenous institutions: The origins of compulsory voting laws. Unpublished manuscript.

International IDEA. (2017a). The global state of democracy exploring democracy’s resilience. Available at https://www.idea.int/publications/catalogue/global-state-democracy-exploring-democracys-resilience

International IDEA. (2017b). Measuring public support for democracy Available at https://www.idea.int/gsod/files/IDEA-GSOD-2017-RESOURCE-GUIDE-MEASURING-SUPPORT.pdf

Keefer, P. (2007). Clientelism, credibility, and the policy choices of young democracies. American Journal of Political Science, 51(4), 804-821.

28. Klingemann, H. D. (1999). Mapping political support in the 1990s: A global analysis. Critical citizens: Global support for democratic government, 31-56. Oxford University Press.

Lambsdorff, J. (1999). Corruption in empirical research- review (TI Working Paper). Transparency International.

Latinobarometer, 2015. Banco de datos—Latinobarómetro 2015. Available at: http://www.latinobarometro.org/lat.jsp

Leiter, D., & Clark, M. (2015). Valence and satisfaction with democracy: A cross-national analysis of nine Western European democracies. European Journal of Political Research, 54(3), 543-562. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12088

Levitsky, S. (2018). Latin America’s shifting politics: Democratic survival and weakness. Journal of Democracy, 29(4), 102-113. doi: 10.1353/jod.2018.0066

Lijphart, A. (2012). Patterns of democracy: Government forms and performance in thirty-six countries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Linde, J., & Ekman, J. (2003). Satisfaction with democracy: A note on a frequently used indicator in comparative politics. European Journal of Political Research, 42(3), 391-408. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.00089

Listhaug, O., Aardal, B., & Ellis, I. O. (2009). Institutional variation and political support: An analysis of CSES data from 29 countries. The comparative study of electoral systems (pp. 311-332). Oxford University Press.

Lühiste, K. (2014). Social protection and satisfaction with democracy: A multi-level analysis. Political Studies, 62(4), 784-803. doi: 10.1111/1467-9248.12080

Maciel, G. G., & de Sousa, L. (2018). Legal corruption and dissatisfaction with democracy in the European Union. Social Indicators Research, 140(2), 653-674.

Matakos, K., & Xefteris, D. (2015). Strategic electoral rule choice under uncertainty. Public Choice, 162(3-4), 329-350.

Medina, L., & Schneider, F. (2018). Shadow economies around the world: What did we learn over the last 20 years? (Working Paper WP/18/17). IMF.

Norris, P. (1999). Institutional explanations for political support. Critical citizens: Global support for democratic governance (pp. 217-235). Oxford University Press.

Reher, S. (2015). Explaining cross‐national variation in the relationship between priority congruence and satisfaction with democracy. European Journal of Political Research, 54(1), 160-181. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12077

Remmer, K. L. (2008). The politics of institutional change: Electoral reform in Latin America, 1978-2002. Party Politics, 14(1), 5-30.

Rich, T. S. (2015). Losers’ consent or non-voter consent? satisfaction with democracy in East Asia. Asian Journal of Political Science, 23(3), 243-259. doi: 10.1080/02185377.2015.1073163

Rose-Ackerman, S. (1999). Corruption and government: Causes, consequences, and reform. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sarsfield, R., & Echegaray, F. (2006). Opening the black box: How satisfaction with democracy and its perceived efficacy affect regime preference in Latin America. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 18(2), 153-173. doi: 10.1093/ijpor/edh088

Schäfer, A. (2012). Consequences of social inequality for democracy in Western Europe. Zeitschrift für vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 6(2), 23-45. doi: 10.1007/s12286-010-0086-6

Schneider, F., & Buehn, A. (2018). Shadow economy: Estimation methods, problems, results and open questions. Open Economics, 1(1), 1-29.

Selee, A. D. (2004). Exploring the link between decentralization and democratic governance. In J. S.Tulchin, & A. D.Selee (Eds.), Decentralization and democratic governance in Latin America. Washington D. C.: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Latin American Program.

Singh, S. P. (2014). Not all election winners are equal: Satisfaction with democracy and the nature of the vote. European Journal of Political Research, 53(2), 308-327. doi: 10.1111/1475-6765.12028

Singh, S. P. (2018). Compulsory voting and dissatisfaction with democracy. British Journal of Political Science, 48(3), 843-854.

Stockemer, D., & Sundström, A. (2013). Corruption and citizens’ satisfaction with democracy in Europe: What is the empirical linkage? Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft, 7(1), 137-157. doi: 10.1007/s12286-013-0168-3

Wagner, A. F., Schneider, F., & Halla, M. (2009). The quality of institutions and satisfaction with democracy in Western Europe—A panel analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 25(1, 30-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2008.08.001

Wu, C. E., Chu, Y. H. (2007). Income inequality and satisfaction with democracy: Evidence from East Asia. A Comparative Survey of Democracy, Governance and Development, Asian Barometer (Working Paper Series, 42).