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Factors behind the price increase in the agricultural sector at the beginning of the twenty-first century: Rent, wages, oil and productivity

No. 88 (2021-07-01)
  • Hernán Alejandro Roitbarg

Resumen

Durante los primeros años del siglo XXI los precios agrícolas han quebrado la trayectoria dominante por décadas. El trabajo se propone estudiar los determinantes de tal cambio. La metodología parte de un enfoque clásico de precios e información de matrices Insumo-Producto provenientes de la World Input-Output Database (Timmer et al., 2015). Los indicadores incluyeron renta captada por la técnica media; uso de tierras; impactos acumulados en precios del costo del petróleo importado; salarios reales; y productividad total del trabajo. Los resultados confirman que los precios del sector agrícola han aumentado tanto por la mayor producción intensiva como por el nuevo contexto institucional referido al encarecimiento del petróleo, salarios más altos y el lento progreso técnico. En conclusión, estos elementos configuran un nivel de precios mínimo mayor al de décadas previas, lo que brinda cierto espacio para políticas de cambio estructural en los países en desarrollo.

Palabras clave: desarrollo, intercambio, productos básicos, oferta, economía global

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