H-ART. Revista de historia, teoría y crítica de arte

hart. Rev. Hist. Teor. Crit. Arte | eISSN 2590-9126 | ISSN 2539-2263

From a Book on Architecture to a Book of Pleasure: Ca’fer Efendi’s Risāle-i Mi'māriyye, 1614

No. 15 (2023-12-15)
  • Gul Kale
    Carleton University

Resumen

In conjunction with Mimar Sinan’s autobiographical memoirs, Ca’fer Efendi’s Risāle-i Mi'māriyye (Book on Architecture), penned around 1614, represents a unique primary source, not only within the Ottoman Empire but also in the broader Islamic world. Despite being one of the few texts authored by a scholar exploring the intricate interplay between architecture, diverse knowledge modalities, and artistic practices, the manifold implications and underlying aspirations of the Risāle, in terms of its connection to book cultures and writing traditions, remain inadequately comprehended. This article endeavors to shed light on specific sections from the Risāle, aiming to elucidate the ethical, social, and intellectual incentives that impelled a scholar like Ca’fer Efendi to undertake the writing of a book on architecture and the life of the chief architect, Mehmed Agha. To commence, we shall delve into the Risāle’s intended audience, considering the perspective of both its author, a member of the erudite class, and his patron, Mehmed Agha. Subsequently, we will probe how Ca’fer Efendi endeavored to underscore the architect’s and architecture’s social and ethical significance within his work, catering to his scholarly readership. This article will further explore the perception of architecture as a conduit for wisdom and knowledge, a rationale that elevated its standing within the hierarchy of sciences and ultimately facilitated a scholar’s authorship of a dedicated architectural book. Finally, we will delve into how an architectural publication transcended the realm of mere readerly pleasure, evolving into an integral component of Ottoman gift culture, thereby fostering the notion of architecture as a gift to society.

Palabras clave: Ca’fer Efendi, Imperio Otomano, Arquitectura, Motivaciones éticas, Cultura del regalo

Referencias

Abdülkādir Efendi, Topçular Kâtibi. Topçular Kâtibi Abdülkādir Efendi Tarihi, ed. Ziya Yılmazer (Ankara: TTK, 2003), vol. 1

Afyoncu, Fatma. XVII. yüzyılda Hassa Mimarları Ocağı. Ankara: T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı, 2001.

Andrews, Walter G. “A Critical-Interpretive Approach to the Ottoman Turkish Gazel.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 4 (1973): 97-110.

———. An Introduction to Ottoman Poetry. Minneapolis: Bibliotheca Islamica, 1976.

———. “Speaking of Power: The Ottoman Kaside.” En Qasida Poetry in Islamic Asia and Africa, Vol. I: Classical Traditions and Modern Meanings, 281-300. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996.

Arseven, Celâl Esad. Türk Sanatı Tarihi: Menşeinden Bugüne Kadar. Estambul: Millî Eğitim Basımevi, 1961.

Bağcı, Serpil. “From Adam to Mehmed III: Silsilename.” En The Sultan's Portrait: Picturing the House of Osman, edited by Selmin Kangal and Priscilla Mary Işın, 188-202. Estambul: Topkapı Sarayı Müzesi, İşbank, 2000.

Breebaart, Deodaat Anne. “The Fütüvvet-nāme-i kebīr. A Manual on Turkish Guilds.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient (1972): 203-215.

Caʿfer Efendi. Risāle-i Miʿmāriyye: An Early-Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Treatise on Architecture. Facsimile with Translation and Notes, editado and traducido por Howard Crane. Leiden; New York: E. J. Brill, 1987.

———. Risâle-i Mi’mâriyye, editado por I. Aydın Yüksel. Estambul: İstanbul Fetih Cemiyeti, 2005.

Cerasi, Maurice. “Late-Ottoman Architects and Master Builders.” Muqarnas 5 (1988): 87–102.

Coşkun, Feray. “A Medieval Islamic Cosmography in an Ottoman Context: A Study of Mahmud el-Hatib’s Traducción del Kharidat al-ʿ Ajaʾib’.” Tesis de maestría, Boğaziçi University, 2007.

Çelebi, Evliya. Evliya Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi: Istanbul, ed. Robert Dankoff, Seyit Ali Kahraman y Yücel Dağlı, 9 vols. (Estambul: YKY, 2006), vol. 1.

Çelebi, Kınalızâde Ali. Ahlâk-i Alâî, editado por Fahri Unan (Ankara: TTK, 2014).

Dubler, C. E. “ʿAd̲j̲āʾib.” Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, editado por Peri Bearman et al. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

Fairchild Ruggles, D. (editor). Islamic Art and Visual Culture: An Anthology of Sources. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

Faroqhi, Suraiya. “Guildsmen and Handicraft Producers.” En The Cambridge History of Turkey, editado por Suraiya Faroqhi, 336-355. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Fetvacı, Emine. “Music, Light, and Flowers.” Journal of Turkish Studies 32 (2008): 222–24.

———. Picturing History at the Ottoman Court. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013.

Gökyay, Orhan Şaik. “Risale-i Mimariyye, Mimar Mehmed Ağa, Eserleri.” En Ord. Prof. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı'ya Armağan, 107-206. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1976.

Hâfız-zâde. Kalemden Kelâma: Risâle-i Hat, editado por Sadettin Eğri. Estambul: Kitabevi, 2005.

Hagen, Gottfried. “Afterword: Ottoman Understandings of the World in the Seventeenth Century.” En Robert Dankoff, An Ottoman Mentality: The World of Evliya Çelebu, 217–19. Leiden: Brill, 2006.

———. “The Order of Knowledge, the Knowledge of Order: Intellectual Life.” The Cambridge History of Turkey 2 (2012): 1412–13.

Hunsberger, Alice C. “Marvels.” En Encyclopedia of the Qur’ān. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2003.

İnalcık, Halil. The Emergence of Big Farms, Çiftliks: State, Landlords, and Tenants. Londres: Variorum Reprints, 1985.

Imber, Colin. “The Cultivation of Wasteland in Hanafi and Ottoman Law.” Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 61, no. 1 (2008): 101-112.

Kafadar, Cemal. “Self and Others: The Diary of a Dervish in Seventeenth Century Estambul and First-Person Narratives in Ottoman Literature.” Studia Islamica 69 (1989): 121-150.

Kafescioğlu, Çiğdem. “Rûmî Kimliğin Görsel Tanımları: Osmanlı Seyahat Anlatılarında Kültürel Sınırlar ve Mimari Tarz [Definiciones visuales de la identidad Rumi: fronteras culturales y estilo arquitéctonico en las narrativas otomanas de viajes].” Journal of Turkish Studies: In Memoriam Şinasi Tekin 2, no. 31 (2007): 57-65.

Kale, Gül. “Unfolding Ottoman Architecture in Writing: Theory, Poetics, and Ethics in Caʿfer Efendi’s “Book on Architecture.” Tesis de doctorado, McGill University, 2014.

———. “Risale-i Mi’mariyye: An Early-Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Treatise on Architecture.” International Journal of Turkish Studies 21, no. 1/2 (2015): 177.

———.“Visual and Embodied Memory of an Ottoman Architect: Traveling on Campaign, Pilgrimage, and Trade Routes in the Middle East.” En The Mercantile Effect: Art and Exchange in the Islamicate World During the 17th and 18th Centuries, edited by Sussan Babaie and Melanie Gibson, 124–40. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2017.

———. “Intersections Between the Architect’s Cubit, the Science of Surveying, and Social Practices in Caʿfer Efendi’s Seventeenth-Century Book on Ottoman Architecture.” Muqarnas Online 36, no. 1 (2019): 131–177.

———.“From Measuring to Estimation: Definitions of Geometry and Architect-Engineer in Early Modern Ottoman Architecture.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 79, no. 2 (2020): 132-151.

———. “Stuff of the Mind: Mother-of-Pearl Table Cabinets of Ottoman Scholars in the Early Modern Period.” En Living with Nature and Things, editado por Bethany Walker and Abdelkader Al Ghouz, 577–638. Göttingen: V&R Unipress, 2020.

———. “Harmonious Relationships: Sounds and Stones in Ottoman Architecture in the Making.” Architectural Histories 10, no. 1 (2022).

Konyalı, İbrahim Hakkı. Mimar Koca Sinan: Vakfiyyeleri, Hayır Eserleri, Hayatı, Padişaha Vekâleti, Azadlık Kâğıdı, Alım, Satım Hüccetleri. Estambul: Topçubaşı, 1948.

Lewicki, T.. “al-Ḳazwīnī.” Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, editado por Peri Bearman et al. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

Mehmed, Âşık. Menâzırü’l-Avâlim, editado por Mahmut Ak. Ankara: TTK Yayınları, 2007.

Ménage, V. L. “Devs̲h̲irme.” Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, editado por Peri Bearman et al. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

Mimar Sinan and Sai Mustafa Çelebi. Yapılar Kitabı: Tezkiretü'l-Bünyan ve Tezkiretü'l-Ebniye: (Mimar Sinan’ ın Anıları), editado por Hayati Develi. Estambul: Koçbank, 2002.

———. Sinan's Autobiographies: Five Sixteenth-Century Texts, editado por Howard Crane y Esra Akın, preface by Gülru Necipoğlu. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2006.

Naima, Mustafa. Naima Tarihi, editado por Zuhuri Danışman. Estambul: Z. Danışman Yayınevi, 1967.

Necipoğlu, Gülru. “Reviewed Work: Risâle-i Mi’mâriyye: An Early Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Treatise on Architecture by Caʿfer Efendi; Howard Crane (ed.).” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 49, no. 2 (1990): 210–13.

———. “The Life of an Imperial Monument: Hagia Sophia after Byzantium.” En Hagia Sophia from the Age of Justinian to the Present, editado por Robert Mark and Ahmet S. Çakmak, 195-225. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

———. The Topkapi Scroll: Geometry and Ornament in Islamic Architecture. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 1996.

———. The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005.

Öz, Tahsin. Mimar Mehmed Ağa ve Risale-i Mimariye. Estambul: Cumhuriyet Matbaası, 1944.

Qaddūmī, Ghādah Ḥijjāwī y Aḥmad ibn al-Rashīd Ibn al-Zubayr. “A Medieval Islamic Book of Gifts and Treasures: Translation, Annotation, and Commentary on the Kitab al-Hadaya wa al-Tuhaf.” Tesis de doctorado, Harvard University, 1990.

Rabbat, Nasser. “Ajib and Gharib: Artistic Perception in Medieval Arabic Sources.” The Medieval History Journal 9, no. 1 (2006): 99–113.

“Risāla.” En Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition, editado por Peri Bearman et al. Leiden: Brill, 2009.

Sâfî, Mustafa. Mustafa Sâfî’nin Zübdetü’t-tevarîh’i, ed. I. H. Çuhadar (Ankara: TTK, 2003), vol. 1.

Tanman, Baha. “Settings for the Veneration of Saints.” En The Dervish Lodge: Architecture, Art, and Sufism in Ottoman Turkey, edited by Raymond Lifchez, 130–75. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

Taşköprüzāde, Aḥmad ibn Muṣṭafā. Mevzuat’ül ulûm: İlimler ansiklopedisi

[Encyclopedia of the sciences], ed. Mümin Çevik, trans. Kemâluddin Muḥammed Efendi, 2 vols. (Estambul: Üçdal, 1966), vol. 1

Terzioğlu, Derin. “Autobiography in Fragments: Reading Ottoman Personal Miscellanies in the Early Modern Era.” En Autobiographical Themes in Turkish Literature: Theoretical and Comparative Perspectives, editado por Olcay Akyıldız, Halim Kara y Börte Sagaster, 83-99. Würzburg: Ergon Verlag in Kommission, 2007.

Tûsî, Nasîruddin. Ahlâk-ı Nâsırî, editado por Tahir Özakkaş. Estambul: Litera Yayıncılık, 2007.

Von Hees, Syrinx. “The Astonishing: A Critique and Re-reading of 'Aga'ib Literature”. Middle Eastern Literatures 8, no. 2 (2005): 101-120.

Woodhead, Christine. “From Scribe to Litterateur: the Career of a Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Katib.” British Society for Middle Eastern Studies. Bulletin 9, no. 1 (1982): 55-74.

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2023 Gul Kale

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.