Desafios das etnografias do Estado em instituições fechadas para crianças e adolescentes
No. 47 (2022-04-01)Autor(es)
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Cecilia Montes-MaldonadoUniversidad de la República, Uruguay
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Laura López-GallegoUniversidad de la República, Uruguay
Resumo
Neste artigo, abordamos os desafios da pesquisa qualitativa orientada etnograficamente em espaços administrados pelo Estado uruguaio para o atendimento de crianças e adolescentes. Com base em dois estudos qualitativos, questionamo-nos sobre a pertinência da pesquisa em instituições estatais fechadas que gerem a vida diária de crianças e adolescentes. Desse contexto, surgem várias questões e desafios metodológicos: as várias dimensões do acesso institucional; transições e permanência; a relação e comunicação com os participantes da investigação e com atores institucionais-chave, bem como a escrita e divulgação dos resultados deste tipo de pesquisa. Discutimos as possibilidades e obstáculos associados com as metodologias qualitativas aplicadas em etnografias do Estado, bem como a importância desses estudos para mostrar as condições de vida das crianças e adolescentes que vivem nessas instituições. Na conclusão, refletimos sobre as dimensões éticas da investigação. As etnografias do Estado permitem pensar o futuro da pesquisa qualitativa e especialmente da etnografia, com relação a um fazer ético que se constrói no encontro com aqueles outros que configuram os processos de pesquisa. Uma abordagem ético-política que dá agência às pessoas que participam de nossa pesquisa, apesar de as condições de vida nessas instituições muitas vezes violarem seu direito de serem ouvidas. Questionamos sobre a relevância ética e política do conhecimento produzido, considerando que a informação pública sobre alguns grupos afetados não necessariamente se traduz em melhoria de suas condições de vida.
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