La Política de la cuenta de capitales de Corea del Sur: los residuos informales del Estado desarrollista
No. 83 (2015-01-01)Autor/a(es/as)
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Ralf J. Leiteritz
Resumen
El propósito del presente documento es analizar las dinámicas políticas de la política de cuenta de capital de Corea del Sur. La primera parte del texto se dedica a la evolución histórica de la política de cuenta de capital desde los años sesenta hasta la actualidad. En esta sección se destaca el camino de la gran apertura financiera que inició a principios de los noventa con dos olas de liberalización de cuenta de capital antes y después de la crisis financiera asiática de 1997-1998. La segunda parte del texto intenta detectar los orígenes políticos para establecer la razón por la cual la liberalización de la cuenta de capital no fue completa y prolongada. La respuesta a esto se puede encontrar a nivel de las instituciones domésticas informales: primero, el legado ideológico del modelo desarrollista estatal anterior —nacionalismo económico—, que establecía barreras significativas para los movimientos internacionales de capital. En segunda instancia, el poder político del sector orientado a la exportación, compuesto por grandes conglomerados (chaebols), que preferían estabilidad cambiaria y, por lo tanto, restricciones en los flujos de capital.
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