Colombia Internacional

Colomb. int. | eISSN 1900-6004 | ISSN 0121-5612

A política da balança de capitais da Coreia do Sul: os resíduos informais do Estado desenvolvimentista

No. 83 (2015-01-01)
  • Ralf J. Leiteritz

Resumo

O propósito deste documento é analisar as dinâmicas políticas da política de balança de capital da Coreia do Sul. A primeira parte do texto está dedicada à evolução histórica da política de balança de capital desde 1960 até a atualidade. Nessa seção, destaca-se o caminho da grande abertura financeira que iniciou a princípios de 1990 com duas ondas de liberalização de balança de capital antes e depois da crise financeira asiática de 1997-98. A segunda parte do texto tenta detectar as origens políticas para estabelecer a razão pela qual a liberalização da balança de capital não foi completa e prolongada. A resposta a isso pode ser encontrada no âmbito das instituições domésticas informais: primeiro o legado ideológico do mercado desenvolvimentista estatal anterior —nacionalismo econômico— que estabelecia barreiras significativas para os movimentos internacionais de capital. Em segunda instância, o poder político do setor orientado à exportação, composto por grandes conglomerados (chaebols), que preferiam estabilidade cambiária e, portanto, restrições nos fluxos de capital.

Palavras-chave: Coreia do Sul, política de balança de capitais, identidade econômica nacional, economia política internacional

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