Colombia Internacional

Colomb. int. | eISSN 1900-6004 | ISSN 0121-5612

¿Legitimidades fragmentadas? Apoyo a la democracia en la región andina

No. 110 (2022-04-01)
  • Daniel Moreno Morales
    Ciudadanía, Comunidad de Estudios Sociales y Acción Pública (Bolivia)
  • Daniela Osorio Michel
    Universidad de Vanderbilt (Estados Unidos)
https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint110.2022.03

Resumen

Objetivo/contexto: el apoyo ciudadano a la democracia está en cuestión. En el caso de América Latina, los indicadores de apoyo a la democracia han mostrado descensos marcados durante toda la última década. Esto es particularmente evidente en los países de la región andina, donde los retrocesos recientes en la legitimidad de las instituciones democráticas han estado acompañados de procesos electorales problemáticos y profundamente cuestionados por sus ciudadanos. Metodología: empleando datos recientes de dos de las principales fuentes de información de opinión pública comparativa disponibles para América Latina, el Barómetro de las Américas y la Encuesta Mundial de Valores, este trabajo se enfoca en indicadores de apoyo ciudadano a la democracia en cuatro países de la región andina (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador y Perú) e indaga el efecto que la aprobación del Gobierno tiene sobre estos. Se emplea un diseño metodológico que reconoce distintos niveles en el apoyo a la democracia y se discute la hipótesis de que los efectos deberían ser distintos entre los niveles analizados. Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que los niveles más concretos o superficiales de apoyo a la democracia son influenciados más fuertemente por la posición política de las personas, mientras que en la mayor parte de los casos las diferencias no llegan al nivel de los valores que sustentan la democracia. Originalidad: la metodología permite identificar la multidimensionalidad del apoyo ciudadano a la democracia y cómo este apoyo, según el nivel, depende de distintos factores. Las conclusiones muestran evidencia de la existencia de dinámicas comunes a distintas sociedades en relación con la democracia.

Palabras clave: democracia, legitimidad, región andina, apoyo a la democracia

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