Drones e a ordem legal internacional. Tecnologia, estratégia e longas cadeias de ação
No. 84 (2015-05-01)Autor(es)
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Jochen KleinschmidtUniversidad EAFIT (Colombia)
Resumo
Este artigo propõe que a crescente utilização de sistemas aéreos não tripulados e a rotinização de suas operações em guerras assimétricas representam parte de uma mudança evolutiva no ordenamento espacial da política global. Utilizando um referencial heurístico baseado na teoria do ator-rede, argumenta-se que as práticas de observação panóptica e ataques aéreos seletivos, carentes ainda de justificativa legal, contribuem para uma reterritorialização dos conflitos assimétricos. Em virtude de um novo regime normativo espacial, constrói-se uma condição legal de imaturidade estatal que facilita o estabelecimento de uma área de soberania condicionada, submetida à vigilância aérea transnacional. Ao mesmo tempo, esse processo não é resultado predeterminado da nova tecnologia nem efeito deliberado de decisões políticas para as quais os drones são somente instrumentos neutros. Antes que isso, a tecnologia militar e as decisões políticas são parte importante de uma longa cadeia de ação que vem sendo desenvolvida nas circunstâncias específicas de intervenções militares mais recentes.
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