Colombia Internacional

Colomb. int. | eISSN 1900-6004 | ISSN 0121-5612

Práticas iliberais e antidemocráticas no âmbito subnacional: abordagens comparadas

No. 91 (2017-07-01)
  • Jacqueline Behrend
    Universidad Nacional de San Martín – CONICET (Argentina)
  • Laurence Whitehead
    University of Oxford (Reino Unido)
https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint91.2017.01

Resumo

Depois de dez anos de estudos sobre democracia subnacional, o que aprendemos sobre o fenômeno da desigualdade democrática territorial? Este artigo procura contribuir para os debates sobre a democratização subnacional em dois aspectos: por meio de uma proposta conceitual para entender a variação democrática territorial e por meio do desenvolvimento de um referencial analítico que identifica três vias para a democratização subnacional. O artigo introduz o conceito estruturas e práticas iliberais subnacionais e o diferencia das práticas antidemocráticas. Além disso, oferece exemplos da literatura sobre a desigualdade democrática territorial para ilustrar os argumentos teóricos.

Palavras-chave: Democratização (Tesauro), subnacional, iliberalismo, autoritarismo (autores)

Referências

Behrend, Jacqueline. 2011. “The Unevenness of Democracy at the Sub-national Level: Provincial Closed Games in Argentina”. Latin American Research Review 46 (1): 150-176. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2011.0013

Behrend, Jacqueline. 2012. “Democratización subnacional: algunas preguntas teóricas”. POSTData: Revista de Reflexión y Análisis Político 17 (2): 11-34.

Behrend, Jacqueline. 2016. “Federal Intervention and Subnational Democratization in Argentina: A Comparative Perspective”. En Illiberal Practices: Territorial Variance within Large Federal Democracies, editado por JacquelineBehrend y LaurenceWhitehead, 89-119. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Behrend, Jacqueline y LaurenceWhitehead, eds. 2016. Illiberal Practices: Territorial Variance within Large Federal Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Borges, André. 2007. “Rethinking State Politics: The Withering of State Dominant Machines in Brazil”. Brazilian Political Science Review 1 (2): 108-136. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1981-38212007000200004

Borges, André. 2016. “Subnational Hybrid Regimes and Democratization in Brazil: Why Party Nationalization Matters”. En Illiberal Practices: Territorial Variance within Large Federal Democracies, editado por JacquelineBehrend y LaurenceWhitehead, 162-196. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Durazo Herrmann, Julián. 2016. “Social Heterogeneity, Political Mediation, and Subnational Illiberalism: Oaxaca and Puebla, Mexico”. En Illiberal Practices: Territorial Variance within Large Federal Democracies, editado por JacquelineBehrend y LaurenceWhitehead, 230-261. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Eaton, Kent y Juan DiegoPrieto. 2013. “Subnational Authoritarianism in Colombia: Divergent Paths in Cesar and Magdalena”. Ponencia presentada en la conferencia “Clientelism and Violence in Subnational Latin American and Caribbean Politics”, Carleton University, 13-14 de diciembre.

Gervasoni, Carlos. 2010. “A Rentier Theory of Subnational Regimes: Fiscal Federalism, Democracy, and Authoritarianism in the Argentine Provinces”. World Politics 62 (2): 302-340. DOI:dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0043887110000067

Gibson, Edward L. 2005. “Boundary Control: Subnational Authoritarianism in Democratic Countries”. World Politics 58 (1): 101-132. DOI:dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2006.0018

Gibson, Edward L.2012. Boundary Control: Subnational Authoritarianism in Federal Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Giraudy, Agustina. 2015. Democrats and Autocrats: Pathways of Subnational Undemocratic Regime Continuity within Democratic Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Heller, Patrick. 2000. “Degrees of Democracy: Some Comparative Lessons from India”. World Politics 52: 484-519. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2000.0016

Helmke, Gretchen y StevenLevitsky. 2006. Informal Institutions and Democracy: Lessons from Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Levitsky, Steven y María VictoriaMurillo. 2013. “Lessons from Latin America: Building Institutions on Weak Foundations”. Journal of Democracy 24: 93-107. URL: http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/article/lessons-latin-america-building-institutions-weak-foundations.

Levitsky, Steven y LucanWay. 2010. Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Loza, Nicolás e IrmaMéndez. 2013. “De la calidad de las elecciones a la calidad de las democracias en los estados mexicanos, 2001-2012”. Revista Mexicana de Derecho Electoral 4: 353-368. URL: https://revistas.juridicas.unam.mx/index.php/derecho-electoral/article/view/10043/12071

McMann, Kelly. 2006. Economic Autonomy and Democracy. Hybrid Regimes in Russia and Kyrgizstan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McMann, Kelly. 2014. “Democratization beyond National Capitals: Clues from the First Wave”. Ponencia presentada en la International Conference of Europeanists, Washington, D.C., 14-16 de marzo.

McMann, Kelly, JohnGerring, MatthewMaguire, MichaelCoppedge y Staffan I.Lindberg. 2016. “Governing Countries: A Theory of Subnational Regime Variation”. University of Gothenburg, Working Paper No. 28, Varieties of Democracy Institute.

Mickey, Robert. 2015. Paths Out of Dixie: The Democratization of Authoritarian Enclaves in America’s Deep South, 1944-1972. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Morlino, Leonardo. 2012. Changes for Democracy: Actors, Structures, Processes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Munck, Gerardo y RichardSnyder. 2004. “Mapping Political Regimes: How the Concepts We Use and the Way We Measure Them Shape the World We See”. Trabajo presentado en la Reunión Anual de la American Political Science Association, Chicago, 15-18 de abril.

O’Donnell, Guillermo. 1993. “On the State, Democratization and Some Conceptual Problems: A Latin American View with Glances at Some Postcommunist Countries”. World Development 21: 355-369. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(93)90048-E

Ortiz de Rozas, Victoria. 2011. “El gran elector provincial en Santiago del Estero (2005-2010). Una perspectiva desde adentro de un ‘oficialismo invencible’”. Revista SAAP 5: 359-399. URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/pdf/rsaap/v5n2/v5n2a05.pdf

Sartori, Giovanni. 1970. “Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics”. American Political Science Review 64 (4): 1033-1053. DOI:dx.doi.org/10.2307/1958356

Schedler, Andreas, ed. 2013. Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.

Sidel, John T. 2014. “Economic Foundations of Subnational Authoritarianism: Insights and Evidence from Qualitative and Quantitative Research”. Democratization 21: 161-184. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.725725

Snyder, Richard. 2001a. Politics after Neoliberalism: Reregulation in Mexico. Nueva York: Cambridge University Press.

Snyder, Richard. 2001b. “Scaling Down: The Subnational Comparative Method”. Studies in Comparative International Development 36 (1): 93-110. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02687586

Souza, Celina. 2016. “The Rise and Fall of Illiberal Politics in the Brazilian State of Bahia”. En Illiberal Practices: Territorial Variance within Large Federal Democracies, editado por JacquelineBehrend y LaurenceWhitehead, 197-229. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Whitehead, Laurence, ed. 1996. The International Dimensions of Democratization: Europe and the Americas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Whitehead, Laurence. 2002. Democratization: Theory and Experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Zakaria, Fareed. 2003. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. Nueva York: Norton.