Pluralismo versus pluralização. Como a proteção da diversidade cultural pode agir contra novas formas de diversidade religiosa
No. 109 (2022-01-01)Autor(es)
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Jean Paul SarrazinUniversidad de Antioquía (Colombia)
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Saira RedondoUniversidad de Antioquía (Colombia)
Resumo
Objetivo/contexto: neste trabalho, examinam-se os argumentos do Tribunal Constitucional da Colômbia em uma decisão que declarou que o pentecostalismo representa uma ameaça às culturas indígenas e à diversidade cultural do país. A sentença foi emitida em 1998, poucos anos depois que a Constituição Política (1991) tivesse declarado que a Colômbia é uma nação pluralista que protege a diversidade cultural do país e o direito à liberdade religiosa. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo qualitativo e hermenêutico da sentença para a compreensão dos argumentos apresentados pelo Tribunal. Posteriormente, procedeu-se a uma análise crítica desses argumentos, questionando os pressupostos pluralistas relacionados com categoriaschave como “culturas indígenas”, “religião” e “diversidade”. Conclusões: a instituição pluralista tem sido incapaz de reconhecer as realidades dinâmicas e múltiplas da religião vivida, bem como os problemas relacionados à dupla marginalização de uma minoria religiosa dentro de uma minoria étnica. Além disso, o imperativo pluralista de proteger a diversidade cultural limita a alteridade e promove novas formas de repressão e exclusão. Originalidade: a jurisprudência sob escrutínio não é estudada em suas dimensões jurídicas ou éticas —como se fazia no passado—, mas sim como a implementação de uma ideologia pluralista baseada em uma determinada cosmovisão. O pluralismo é, portanto, examinado criticamente em seus princípios ontológicos, axiológicos, epistemológicos e praxeológicos.
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