Limitações paradigmáticas do conceito de hegemonia: a China e o Sul global
No. 113 (2023-01-01)Autor(es)
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Daniel Ricardo Lemus DelgadoTecnológico de Monterrey (México)
Resumo
Objetivo/contexto: a ascensão da China gerou um debate profundo sobre o impacto de sua presença crescente no cenário internacional. Existe um amplo debate sobre se a China se tornará uma nova hegemonia ou se estabelecerá um cenário pós-hegemônico. Entretanto, essas abordagens assumem que a hegemonia é um conceito objetivo e universal. Este artigo apresenta uma crítica ao conceito de hegemonia que tem procurado explicar a ascensão da China, considera as limitações paradigmáticas desse conceito e destaca a importância de abandonarmos nossos modelos mentais para buscar novas formas de conceituar a mudança do papel da China no Sul global. Baseado em uma abordagem teórica pós-estruturalista, o artigo analisa as sérias limitações conceituais na compreensão da ascensão da China, pois os conceitos dominantes para a compreensão desse processo são encontrados em uma visão eurocêntrica do campo das relações internacionais. Metodologia: contrastam-se diferentes abordagens ao conceito de hegemonia a partir de uma perspectiva crítica. Conclusões: ressalta como a experiência histórica do Ocidente moldou padrões mentais-chave da disciplina, como o conceito de hegemonia é tradicionalmente entendido. Originalidade: este artigo contribui para a compreensão da ascensão da China, ampliando a gama paradigmática a partir da qual esse fenômeno pode ser compreendido.
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