Quatro formas de perceber a China a partir da América Latina: uma análise em clusterda composição da opinião pública na região
No. 113 (2023-01-01)Autor(es)
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Lorenzo MaggiorelliPontificia Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)
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Juan Federico Pino UribeFacultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (Flacso) (Ecuador)
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Carlos Felipe CifuentesPontificia Universidad Javeriana (Colombia)
Resumo
Objetivo/contexto: as relações econômicas, políticas e militares entre a República Popular da China e a América Latina têm crescido exponencialmente desde o início do século 21. Neste contexto, este artigo indaga como as percepções dos cidadãos latino-americanos sobre a China variam, levando em conta sua dimensão comercial, militar e política. Assim, se respondermos a essa pergunta segundo a teoria da identidade social, a percepção da China será homogênea. Por sua vez, as teorias individualistas afirmam que os latino-americanos terão uma maior heterogeneidade com relação à sua percepção sobre o gigante asiático. Metodologia: os dados da pesquisa Latinobarómetro 2020 foram usados para estimar uma análise em cluster para identificar os diferentes tipos de percepções políticas, comerciais e militares dos cidadãos latino-americanos sobre a China e uma análise de regressão multinomial para identificar os fatores políticos e sociodemográficos relacionados a cada perfil. Conclusões: a análise encontrou evidências a favor de teorias individualistas de opinião pública, identificando quatro grupos, um com uma percepção favorável da China nas três dimensões avaliadas, outro com uma percepção favorável, exceto na dimensão militar, e dois outros grupos que não têm uma percepção favorável da China. Este estudo também mostra que os latinoamericanos que apoiam a democracia são mais propensos a pertencer a grupos com uma baixa percepção da China. Originalidade: a análise de cluster é uma metodologia nova no estudo da percepção que os latino-americanos têm da China, bem como analisar a percepção da China como um fenômeno multidimensional e não apenas analisar uma percepção favorável com relação à China.
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