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Desarro. soc. | eISSN 1900-7760 | ISSN 0120-3584

Un análisis estadístico de la heterogeneidad en los mercados laborales y las tasas de desempleo en Colombia

No. 75 | 2015-01-01
  • Camilo Alberto Cárdenas Hurtado
    1Banco de la República. Bogotá, Colombia. Corresponding author. ccardehu@banrep.gov.co.
  • María Alejandra Hernández Montes
    2Banco de la República. Bogotá, Colombia. mhernamo@banrep.gov.co.
  • Jhon Edwar Torres Gorron
    3Banco de la República. Bogotá, Colombia. jtorrego@banrep.gov.co.
https://doi.org/10.13043/dys.75.4

Resumen

En este artículo estudiamos los factores estructurales que determinan las diferencias en las tasas de desempleo y en los mercados de trabajo de las ciudades colombianas. Utilizando información de corte transversal para 23 áreas metropolitanas, aplicamos una extensión de un método de ejes principales, análisis factorial múltiple para múltiples tablas de contingencia (MFACT), con el fin de identificar factores no observables que son relevantes para entender la heterogeneidad observada entre grupos de variables que se consideran explican las diferencias regionales en las tasas de desempleo. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las diferencias en los niveles de mano de obra calificada, incentivos a la participación laboral y la estructura etaria son importantes para entender la heterogeneidad de los mercados de trabajo y de las tasas de desempleo en Colombia. Además, un ejercicio de clustering revela que las ciudades con altas tasas de desempleo no necesariamente comparten las mismas características estructurales, esto es, las fricciones en el mercado de trabajo que dan origen al desempleo no son las mismas en las ciudades colombianas.

Palabras clave: tasas de desempleo heterogéneas, mercados laborales regionales, análisis factorial

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