El valor de la longevidad: un análisis internacional
No. 90 (2022-03-01)Autor/a(es/as)
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Gabriel Martínez
Resumen
El valor económico de los aumentos en la duración de la vida se estima para un conjunto amplio de países. Para ello, se utilizan datos por grupo de edad de consumo, ingresos, ocio y mortalidad. Las estimaciones son sensibles tanto a los parámetros de sustitución intertemporal y consumo mínimo, como a la tasa de interés. Un escenario de mejora de 1/10 000 en la probabilidad de supervivencia a lo largo de la vida produce ganancias en el valor de la vida (VSL) al principio de la vida, de alrededor de 500 USD para los países más ricos, 200 USD para ingresos medios y 30 USD para los más pobres. Las elasticidades ingreso de referencia son, por lo regular, inferiores a 1.0, excepto para los países de bajos ingresos a edades más avanzadas. La elasticidad ingreso del valor de la vida estadística (VVE) se calcula directamente; a diferencia de la literatura anterior, que supone valores para calcular el VVE en países menos desarrollados, a partir de mediciones en países más ricos.
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Licencia
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