Household Production by Age and Sex: New Evidence for Uruguay
No. 78 (2017-03-01)Author(s)
-
Cecilia Lara
-
Marisa Bucheli
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present time profiles of home production and its consumption by sex and age for Uruguay. For this, we apply an extension of the methodology National Transfer Accounts, which implies estimating time spent in home production and then valuing it. The activities considered correspond to those that can be transferred to a third party, and for their valuation we use the replacement cost method. The data come from the Time Use Survey prepared by the National Institute of Statistics in 2007. The results show that women spend more time than men on unpaid household activities at all ages. It is also observed that a higher educational level of the individuals seems to generate a positive effect on the gender equality of the family.
References
Abraham, K., & Mackie, C. (2005). A framework for nonmarket accounting. En D. W.Jorgenson, J. S.Landefeld, & W. D.Nordhaus (eds.) A new architecture for the U.S. National Accounts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Aguirre, R., & Ferrari, F. (2014). Las encuestas sobre uso del tiempo y trabajo no remunerado en América Latina y el Caribe. Caminos recorridos y desafíos hacia el futuro (Serie CEPAL Asuntos de Género, No. 122). Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.
Billari, F., & Philipov, D. (2004). Education and the transition to motherhood: A comparative analysis of Western Europe (European Demographic Research Papers 3). Viena: Vienna Institute of Demography.
Bloemen, H., Pasqua, S., & Stancanelli, E. (2009). An empirical analysis of the time allocation of Italian couples: Are they responsible? Review of Economics of the Household, 8, 345-369.
CEPAL. (2010). Economía generacional, sistemas de transferencias y desigualdad en América Latina. En Panorama social de América Latina. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.
Donehower, G., & Mejía, I. (2012). Everybody works: Gender, age and economic activity. Ponencia presentada en la European Population Conference. Estocolmo.
Donehower, G. (2014). Incorporating gender and time use into NTA: National time transfer accounts methodology. Recuperado de http://www.ntaccounts.org/web/nta/show/Gender,%20Time%20use.
Eurostat. (2003). Household production and consumption. Proposal for a methodology of household satellite accounts. Recuperado de http://www.uni-mannheim.de/edz/pdf/eurostat/03/KS-CC-03-003-EN-N-EN.pdf.
Francavilla, F., Giannelli, G., Grotkowska, G., & Socha, M. (2011). Use of time and value of unpaid family care work: A comparison between Italy and Poland (Working Paper 03/2011). Firenze: Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze.
Furstenberg, F., Kennedy, S., Mcloyd, V., Rumbaut, R., & Settersten, R. (2004). Growing up in harder to do. Contexts, 3(3), 33-41.
Goldschmidt-Clermont, L., & Pagnossin-Aligisakis, E. (1999). Households’s non SNA-Production: Labour time, value of labour and of product, and contribution to extended private consumption. Review of Income and Wealth, 45(4), 519-529.
Hirway, I. (2005). Measurements based on time use statistics: Some issues. Ponencia presentada en la Conference on Unpaid Work and Economy: Gender, Poverty and the Millennium Development Goals. Nueva York: PNUD.
Jiménez-Fontana, P. (2014), Analysis of non-remunerated production in Costa Rica. The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 5, 45-53.
Jiménez-Fontana, P. (2016). Retos para materializar el dividendo de género perfiles de uso de tiempo en Costa Rica. Población y Salud en Mesoamérica, 13(2), 1-23.
Landefeld, S., & McCulla, S. (2000). Accounting for nonmarket production within a national accounts framework. Review of Income and Wealth, 46(3), 289-307.
Lee, R., & Mason, A. (2009). Nuevos enfoques sobre las cuentas nacionales de transferencias para la política fiscal, los programas sociales y las transferencias familiares de los países (Notas de Población, No. 90). Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.
Lee, R., & Mason, A. (2011). Population aging and the generational economy. A global perspective. Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Phananiramai, M. (2011). Incorporating time into the national transfer accounts: The case of Thailand. En R.Lee, & A.Mason (Eds.), Population aging and the generational economy: A global perspective (pp. 528-541). Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Ravanera, Z., & Rajulton, F. (2006). Social status polarization in the timing and the trajectories to motherhood. Canadian Studies in Population, 33.2, 179-207.
Reid, M. (1934). Economics of household production. Nueva York: John Wiley.
Rentería, E., Scandurra, R., Souto, G., & Patxtot, C. (2016). Intergenerational money and time transfers by gender in Spain: Who are the actual dependents? Demographic Research, 34(24), 689-704.
Rivero, E. (2016). Intergenerational time transfers and time use in Mexico. A 2002-2014 comparison. En 38th International Association for Time Use Research, 19-22 Julio, Seúl. Recuperado de http://www.cww-dpru.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/74/2016-07%20IATUR%20Rivero.pdf.
Salvador, S. (2007). Aportes para la elaboración de una cuenta satélite del trabajo no remunerado en Uruguay. Recuperado de http://www.ciedur.org.uy/adm/archivos/publicacion_273.pdf.
Salvador, S. (2009). La valoración económica del trabajo no remunerado. En Las bases invisibles del bienestar social. El trabajo no remunerado en Uruguay (pp. 155-204). Recuperado de http://www.unifem.org.br/sites/700/710/00000460.pdf.
Sambt, J., Donehower, G., & Verbič, M. (2016). Incorporating household production into the national transfer accounts for Slovenia. Post- Communist Economies, 28, 249-267.
Urdinola, P. (2016). Valoración del uso del tiempo en Colombia. El tiempo vuela… pero no igual para hombres y mujeres, presentación en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Recuperado de http://www.cww-dpru.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/74/2016-06%20Colombia%20Urdinola.pdf.
Varela, C., Pollero, R., & Fostik, A. (2008). La fecundidad: evolución y diferenciales en el comportamiento reproductivo. En C.Varela (coord.), Demografía de una sociedad en transición: la población uruguaya a inicios del siglo XXI. Montevideo: Ediciones Trilce.
Varela, C. (2008). Disminuir las contradicciones entre maternidad deseada y desarrollo integral de la mujer. En J. J.Calvo, & P.Mieres (coords.), Nacer, crecer y envejecer en el Uruguay. Montevideo: United Nations Population Fund-Rumbos.
Varela, C., Fostik, A., & Fernández, M. (2012). Maternidad en la juventud y desigualdad social. Cuadernos del UNFPA, 6(6). Montevideo: United Nations Population Fund.
Varela, C., Fostik, A., & Fernández, M. (2014). Maternidad y paternidad en la juventud temprana. Ponencia presentada en el VI Congreso de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Población, Lima, 12-15 de agosto de 2014. Recuperado de http://www.alapop.org/Congreso2014/DOCSFINAIS_PDF/ALAP_2014_FINAL23.pdf.
Varjonen, J. (1998). Methodology for a satellite account of household production. Zarauz: Instituto Vasco de Estadística, Eustat.
Zagheni, E., & Zannella, M. (2013). The life cycle dimension of time transfers in Europe. Demographic Research, 29(35), 937-948.
Zagheni, E., M.Zannella, Movsesyan, G., & Wagner, B. (2015). A comparative analysis of European time transfers between generations and gender. Springer.