Automatización y empleo en Uruguay
No. 87 (2021-02-01)Autor/a(es/as)
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Diego Aboal
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Andrés López
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Roxana Maurizio
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Paz Queraltó
Resumen
El debate sobre los impactos de la automatización en el empleo ganó relevancia en años recientes. Sin embargo, la creciente evidencia empírica ha estado focalizada, en su mayoría, en países desarrollados. El objetivo de este artículo es, a partir de ejercicios cuantitativos y cualitativos, identificar los cambios relativos en las ocupaciones y los tipos de tareas que podrían ser consistentes con un proceso de automatización en el sector de comercio minorista uruguayo. Esto resulta de relevancia por cuanto es un sector no transable que demanda, principalmente, mano de obra de baja calificación en un país de ingresos medios. Se observa un desplazamiento en el tipo de tareas realizadas y en las calificaciones requeridas, en desmedro de los trabajadores con credenciales educativas bajas y de las tareas manuales no rutinarias, a favor mayormente de las cognitivo-rutinarias. Estos resultados son útiles en el diseño de las políticas de formación profesional.
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