Palabras clave
mercados digitales
plataformas
essential facilities
negativa a contratar
Cómo citar
Resumen
El término “self-preferencing” ha ganado gran prominencia en el debate sobre competencia y regulación en los mercados de plataformas digitales. Sin embargo, cada vez más se ha utilizado para designar prácticas con estructuras, fundamentos económicos y efectos distintos, incluso en contextos que no pertenecen a los mercados digitales (aunque estas conductas ya existían en tiempos anteriores y haya sido ampliamente examinadas por las autoridades de competencia bajo fundamentos legales existentes). En Brasil, la situación no es diferente, debido a la falta de un criterio legal bien establecido, incluyendo definiciones acerca de presunciones de ilegalidad y la carga de la prueba, y al intento de agrupar bajo la misma “sombrilla” conductas diversas y distintas. Siguiendo los debates en la bibliografía académica internacional y, especialmente, las discusiones en el escenario europeo, este artículo ofrece sugerencias iniciales para el desarrollo de un criterio jurídico adecuado para la práctica de self-preferencing en Brasil. Presentamos un intento preliminar por diferenciar entre diversas categorías de self-preferencing y se sugiere, entre otros aspectos, que los criterios y teorías del daño existentes en la jurisprudencia del CADE (Consejo Administrativo de Defensa Económica) deben ser mejorados y adaptados para analizar la competencia en relación con esas prácticas. Esto es válido, por ejemplo, para el tipo clásico (o “puro”) de lo que la bibliografía académica ha equiparado con la self-preferencing, siendo posible recurrir a una adaptación de la posición del CADE sobre la Doctrina de las Facilidades Esenciales (Essential Facilities Doctrine - EFD, por sus siglas en inglés). Argumentamos que la prueba de esencialidad no debe ser abandonada por completo, ya que representa una división relevante entre distintos tipos de selfpreferencing, con importantes implicaciones para su aplicación. Presentamos también el esquema inicial de una prueba jurídica adaptada para evaluar la esencialidad.
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