Alternativas contemporáneas prácticas al “derecho al olvido” en los Estados Unidos
No. 2 (2019-01-01)Autor/a(es/as)
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Jonathan Adam HollandHarvard University, Project Manager at the Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society aholland@cyber.harvard.edu
Resumen
El “derecho al olvido”, quizás mejor descrito como el “derecho de supresión”, llegó por primera vez a la corriente popular de la conciencia y la práctica pública con el fallo del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea de mayo de 2014 sobre el caso Google Spain SL, Google Inc. vs. Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, Mario Costeja González. Un proceso específico y personalizado para solicitar la eliminación de resultados específicos del motor de búsqueda surgió en los meses inmediatamente posteriores a esa decisión. Los perímetros finales y el alcance de ese proceso aún no se han establecido por completo, y es probable que continúen evolucionando a medida que el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos de la Unión Europea entre en vigor en mayo de 2018.
Sin embargo, el concepto del derecho o la capacidad de un individuo para ejercer cierto control sobre la información disponible públicamente sobre él data de mucho antes de la demanda del Sr. Costeja, y se extiende mucho más allá de la Unión Europea. El caso Costeja en sí no pretendía crear un nuevo derecho, solo buscaba incluir los resultados de los motores de búsqueda como relevantes
y controlados por la ley de protección de datos de la Unión Europea de 1995 en términos de los “responsables del tratamiento”. La discusión sobre un derecho análogo, tanto en la academia jurídica como en los tribunales, se remonta a por lo menos el año 2006, si no mucho antes, quizás incluso a principios del siglo XX, si utilizamos una definición amplia de las preocupaciones culturales subyacentes al derecho al olvido.
Junto con esa historia global sobre un “derecho al olvido” de facto, existe una historia paralela de mecanismos y prácticas destinados o utilizados para lograr este “olvido”, que van desde demandas estándar y normas hasta, más recientemente, la subversión de otras posibilidades oficiales no relacionadas para la eliminación u ocultación del material en línea.
Utilizando ejemplos de la base de datos del proyecto Lumen, este artículo examinará algunas de las formas recientes en las que individuos en países sin un derecho de supresión codificado han buscado ser “olvidados” mediante el uso de mecanismos de eliminación de contenido en línea originalmente fundamentados en otros propósitos y regímenes legales, como derechos de autor, marca registrada y difamación. El artículo concluye con una discusión especulativa sobre el efecto, si es que lo hay, que podrían tener la existencia y el replanteamiento de estos mecanismos alternativos sobre el desarrollo o el rechazo de una jurisprudencia separada para el derecho al olvido, y qué forma podría adoptar ese régimen si se adoptara.
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