Colombia Internacional

Colomb. int. | eISSN 1900-6004 | ISSN 0121-5612

Vínculos entre partidos políticos e movimentos feministas na América Latina: o caso da luta pelo aborto legal na Bolívia

No. 122 (2025-04-16)
  • Cecilia Rocha-Carpiuc
    Universidad de la República (Uruguay)
  • Verónica Pérez Bentancur
    Universidad de la República (Uruguay)
https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint122.2025.05

Resumo

Objetivo/contexto: na América Latina, o acesso ao aborto representa uma das expressões mais significativas das desigualdades de gênero ou classe. Devido ao seu caráter controverso, a adoção dessas políticas é difícil. A literatura aponta que a aprovação de leis a favor do aborto requer contextos seculares e, em particular, movimentos feministas fortes, aliados a partidos de esquerda no governo. No entanto, os mecanismos por meio dos quais esses fatores se articulam ainda são pouco estudados. Este artigo analisa o caso da Bolívia; teoricamente, não se esperaria que a descriminalização ocorresse nesse país em razão de seu forte conservadorismo e da fraqueza do movimento feminista. Apesar disso, em 2017, o Parlamento boliviano aprovou uma reforma que descriminalizou o aborto em várias circunstâncias. Metodologia: o artigo baseia-se em trabalho de campo original, que incluiu entrevistas em profundidade com ativistas feministas e parlamentares, além de uma revisão sistemática de documentos e da imprensa. Conclusões: o estudo mostra que, dentro de uma estrutura partidária em que a tomada de decisões é regida pela deliberação —como no Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS)—, as parlamentares do partido que ocupavam posições-chave e mantinham vínculos com o movimento feminista desempenharam um papel fundamental na reforma, persuadindo os líderes e outros membros do partido a apoiá-la. Originalidade: o artigo contribui para suprir uma lacuna na literatura ao oferecer uma compreensão mais aprofundada do tipo de laços entre movimentos feministas e partidos de esquerda que permite o avanço de pautas polêmicas, como o aborto legal.

Palavras-chave: aborto legal, Bolívia, legisladoras, movimentos feministas, partidos de esquerda

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