Colombia Internacional

Colomb. int. | eISSN 1900-6004 | ISSN 0121-5612

Mudanças programáticas e estratégicas da direita no Chile (1989-2013)

No. 100 (2019-10-01)
  • Marcelo Mella Polanco
    Universidad de Santiago de Chile
  • Miguel Ángel López Varas
    Universidad de Chile
  • Pablo Valenzuela Gutiérrez
    Universidad de Santiago de Chile
  • Camila Berríos
    Universidad de Santiago de Chile
https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint100.2019.05

Resumo

RESUMO: Objetivo/contexto: este artigo pretende compreender a trajetória programática e estratégica que a direita chilena experimentou no período 1989-2013. Considerando a proximidade que teve com o regime de Pinochet, no início do período estudado, e a competitividade eleitoral que ganhou nos lustros mais recentes, é possível associar à mudança de propostas programáticas o melhor desempenho eleitoral do setor? Metodologia: esta pesquisa utiliza os dados do projeto Marpor para a América Latina, a fim de medir o posicionamento em cada eleição. Incorporamos também uma análise narrativo-histórica da direita chilena com o objetivo de explorar as mudanças estratégias que foram produzidas diante da mudança programática. Conclusões: os resultados mostram que a direita chilena transitou desde propostas programáticas profundamente conservadoras e vinculadas com as políticas que se implantaram durante a ditadura de Pinochet, a propostas mais próximas da agenda progressista. Isso foi produzido, principalmente, em assuntos vinculados à proteção social (estado de bem-estar), educação e, em parte, no relacionado com temas morais. O sucesso eleitoral da direita em eleições recentes poderia ser associado, pelo menos em parte, a essa mudança de agenda de políticas públicas. Originalidade: na América Latina, é comum o estudo profundo da esquerda: suas propostas, estruturas organizacionais e, em geral, estratégias políticas. As mudanças na direita têm sido pouco analisadas pela ciência política. Este artigo pretende fazer uma contribuição nesse âmbito, com ênfase nas mudanças da direita no Chile. Isso resulta relevante para a disciplina se for considerado o contexto atual da região, onde tem sido consolidada uma nova onda de governos da direita e, em particular para o caso chileno, busca contribuir para entender as mudanças experimentadas pelo sistema político chileno nos últimos 30 anos de democracia depois da ditadura.

Palavras-chave: Partido político, eleições, política pública, direita

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