Ciência de dados e estudos globais: contribuições e desafios metodológicos
No. 102 (2020-04-01)Autor(es)
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Daniel Lemus-DelgadoTecnológico de Monterrey (México)
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Ricardo Pérez NavarroTecnológico de Monterrey (México)
Resumo
OBJETIVO/CONTEXTO: A ciência de dados é considerada uma abordagem nova e promissora, utilizada por várias disciplinas científicas para a obtenção e análise de informações. Apesar de sua ampla disseminação e aceitação, o uso de técnicas baseadas na ciência de dados no campo de estudos globais está em estágio inicial. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo discutir as contribuições e desafios metodológicos que a ciência de dados pode trazer para a disciplina de estudos globais. Metodologia: Este artigo analisa críticamente os fundamentos conceituais da ciência de dados e os compara com as possíveis aplicações na área de estudos globais. Desse modo, este artigo examina os elementos conceituais que definem a ciência de dados, estabelece os paradigmas conceituais dos estudos globais, analisa as possíveis ligações entre ciência de dados e estudos globais, e discute como os limites e alcance da ciência de dados pode contribuir como abordagem metodológica. Conclusões: este artigo conclui que as ferramentas tecnológicas baseadas em big data podem enriquecer nossa compreensão sobre os fenômenos globais, desde que seja assumida uma atitude crítica que reconheça que a seleção dos dados e sua análise estão incorporadas em contextos históricos e sociais. Deste modo, como em qualquer outra abordagem, a ciência de dados representa um modo tendencioso de capturar e analisar informações. Originalidade: a originalidade deste artigo consiste em assumir uma reflexão crítica sobre o alcance e os limites da ciência de dados, além de fornecer uma visão positivista do conhecimento científico, reconhecendo a parcialidade que existe por trás das explicações supostamente neutras sobre o emprego de técnicas de pesquisa baseadas em ciência de dados.
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