Além do gênero: por que as deputadas mexicanas representam substancialmente as mulheres?
No. 112 (2022-10-01)Autor(es)
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Sergio Arturo Bárcena JuárezTecnológico de Monterrey (México)
Resumo
Objetivo/Contexto: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é identificar e medir a influência de diferentes variáveis institucionais, partidárias e biográficas na representação substantiva das mulheres na Câmara dos Deputados mexicana. A maioria dos estudos sobre o assunto concorda que a presença de maus legisladores nas assembleias é uma precondição importante para que seus interesses sejam efetivamente promovidos. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre como outras variáveis afetam a promoção de iniciativas dos legisladores em prol dos direitos das mulheres. Metodologia: por meio de entrevistas com ex-deputadas federais reconhecidas por seu ativismo político em favor das mulheres e por meio do uso de modelos estatísticos, procuramos explicar quais elementos afetam a representação substantiva das mulheres no México a partir da apresentação de iniciativas com o objeto. Conclusões: a eleição proporcional, a afiliação em partidos minoritários de esquerda bem como a experiência legislativa, partidária e associativa aumentam a propensão das disputas a promover mudanças em favor das mulheres. Ao contrário, um dos principais fatores limitantes para a representação substantiva das mulheres nos congressos é o empoderameno de espaços e decisões de maior importância por parte de lideranças partidárias eminentemente masculinas. Originalidade: com base em um banco de dados original e entrevistas elaboradas exclusivamente para este estudo, o trabalho sustenta a teoria da representação, sugerindo que, juntamente com a presença de mais legisladores, outras condições estruturais, políticas, partidárias e institucionais sejam necessárias para processar as demandas mais importantes das mulheres que compõem uma comunidade política.
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