Latin American Law Review

Lat. Am. Law Rev. | eISSN 2619-4880

Condenado al fracaso: política, mecanismos y efectos del encarcelamiento masivo

No. 7 | 2021-08-01
  • Adrian Bergmann
    Institute of Historical, Anthropological, and Archaeological Studies, University of El Salvador (El Salvador)
  • Rafael Gude
    Center for Social Change and Transgressive Studies, John Jay College of Criminal Justice (United States)
https://doi.org/10.29263/lar07.2021.03

Resumen

El ascenso del paradigma de seguridad ciudadana ha venido a complementar, en vez de sustituir, los legados autoritarios en América Latina y el Caribe. En particular, las políticas de justicia criminal y seguridad pública siguen alimentando una ola de encarcelamiento masivo, evidenciado en un conjunto de datos sobre encarcelamiento en veinte países para 1995–2020. El Salvador se distingue como un estudio de caso único, con la segunda tasa de encarcelamiento más alta del mundo. Analizamos cuatro mecanismos clave que fomentan el encarcelamiento masivo en el país —incremento de detenciones arbitrarias, dilución de garantías del debido proceso, criminalización escalada y endurecimiento de penas—, e indagamos sus usos y efectos. El encarcelamiento masivo ha criminalizado identidades transgresoras y la población pobre, fortalecido las pandillas como organizaciones, vuelto más compleja la actividad criminal de las pandillas, e impulsado su transformación en actores determinantes en la vida política salvadoreña. Estos efectos son distintivos del notorio fracaso de la “mano dura” en El Salvador y supone graves obstáculos a la desistencia del crimen y la violencia, así como la reinserción después del encarcelamiento.

Palabras clave: Cárceles, encarcelamiento masivo, pandillas, reinserción, justicia criminal, El Salvador

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Derechos de autor 2021 Adrian Bergmann, Rafael Gude

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