Latin American Law Review

Lat. Am. Law Rev. | eISSN 2619-4880

Guerras de conciencia en las Américas

No. 5 (2020-08-01)
  • Douglas NeJaime
    Yale Law School (United States)
  • Reva Siegel
    Yale Law School (United States)

Resumen

Alrededor del mundo, sujetos y entidades pertenecientes a los sectores públicos y privados están invocando la conciencia como base para objetar leyes o decisiones judiciales que confieren derechos reproductivos y LGBT a otras/os ciudadanas/os. Las objeciones de conciencia que se dan en el contexto de las “guerras cultures” respecto de derechos reproductivos y LGBT, difieren de las situaciones paradigmáticas en las que se conceden excepciones al cumplimiento de la ley donde alguien de una religión minoritaria busca observar un ritual religioso o vestirse conforme a su religión, en violación a leyes generalmente aplicables. En cambio, el otorgamiento de objeciones de conciencia que se da en el contexto de las “guerras culturales” puede causar daños significativos a terceros e imponer visiones tradicionales a ciudadanos/as, cuyos derechos han sido recientemente protegidos por la ley.

La contribución de este trabajo es práctica y crítica. Por un lado, ofrecemos una guía para mostrar cómo el gobierno puede promover el pluralismo a través de proveer excepciones a la ley para objetores y al mismo tiempo protege a ciudadanos/as que pueden verse afectados/as. Por otro lado, consideramos que cuando el gobierno protege la conciencia en un marco que no preserva los derechos de otros/as ciudadanos/as, podría estar utilizando la objeción de conciencia para crear un orden jurídico de facto en favor de las creencias de los objetores.

Palabras clave: Conciencia, Objeción de conciencia, excepciones a la ley por en razones religiosas, derechos reproductivos, LGBT, SOGIE

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