CEPAL e ISI: reconsideración de los debates, las políticas y los resultados
No. 68 (2019-04-01)Autor/a(es/as)
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Colin M. LewisLondon School of Economics & Political Science (Reino Unido)
Resumen
Revaluar la industrialización por sustitución de importaciones (ISI) cepalina implica explorar estrategias asociadas con diagnósticos y prescripción de políticas y, a la vez, reconocer que las ideas y los procesos cambiaron con el tiempo, que hubo divergencias entre los diagnósticos originales de los problemas de desarrollo y las intervenciones políticas diseñadas para resolverlos, y que algunas estrategias y varios resultados atribuidos a la CEPAL se alejaban de sus propuestas originales. La primera sección localiza el proyecto de la CEPAL dentro de una cronología estilizada. La segunda sección se centra en dos subperíodos: (i) el proto-cepalismo y (ii) la fase clásica del cepalismo. La tercera revalúa el proyecto y cuestiona algunas opiniones contemporáneas y actuales. Los hallazgos principales enfatizan las continuidades entre los dos subperíodos, argumentando que el vilipendio actual del proyecto por parte de la izquierda y la derecha ha sido y sigue siendo miope. El crecimiento industrial ya estaba en marcha en algunas economías desde antes del final del siglo XIX; la industrialización pudo haber ocurrido en algunos países antes de 1940; y lo que se alcanzó para la década de los noventa en algunas partes del continente fue notable.
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