Resiliencia en adolescentes infractores con trayectorias en los sistemas chilenos de bienestar infantil y de justicia adolescente
No. 88 (2024-04-08)Autor/a(es/as)
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Viviana ZambranoUniversidad San Sebastián, ChileIdentificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4251-8233
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Marco GemignaniUniversidad Loyola Andalucía, EspañaIdentificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-111X
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Gloria Fernández-PachecoUniversidad Loyola Andalucía, EspañaIdentificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2193-3227
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Lucia Ergas AnwandterUniversidad Santo Tomas, sede Valdivia, Chile
Resumen
Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los procesos de significación de la resiliencia en adolescentes que han pasado por los sistemas chilenos de bienestar infantil y de justicia adolescente, dado que son fundamentales para identificar los aspectos que puedan favorecer la adaptación e integración social. A partir de una investigación cualitativa, orientada y fundamentada desde un enfoque fenomenológico, se analizaron seis entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad con adolescentes con trayectorias en ambos sistemas. Los resultados destacan que la resiliencia personal de los adolescentes está vinculada a la apreciación que tienen de sí mismos y a los procesos de aprendizaje para el desarrollo de habilidades sociales y de regulación emocional. Por otro lado, la resiliencia social e institucional se caracteriza por la percepción que tienen los adolescentes sobre las mejoras en su calidad de vida y su capacidad de adaptación social. Ellos consideran que es esencial tener relaciones sólidas, confiables y duraderas con consejeros y educadores, y destacan el apoyo de las instituciones de intervención, tanto en el fortalecimiento de habilidades personales y relacionales, como en la conformación de un proyecto de vida prosocial y adaptativo. Los resultados demuestran la necesidad de incorporar procesos de resiliencia en el diseño de intervenciones en ámbitos de infancia vulnerada y adolescencia en situación de infracción de la ley. Estos procesos deberán formar parte de las políticas públicas en infancia y adolescencia en situación de vulnerabilidad.
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