La ira y la salud física y psicológica. Una revisión narrativa
No. 90 (2024-10-04)Autor/a(es/as)
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Vicente Palop-LarreaHospital de La Ribera, Alzira, ValènciaIdentificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1804-0436
Resumen
Con la llegada de la medicina moderna, las conexiones entre las emociones y las enfermedades se han descrito principalmente a través de estudios observacionales, en los que las conclusiones se extraen de las correlaciones de las observaciones en lugar de la investigación experimental. La teoría psicoanalítica se ha utilizado a menudo para explicar muchas enfermedades comunes y este enfoque sigue predominando en la actualidad. Curiosamente, a pesar de la gran cantidad de información disponible hoy sobre la influencia de las emociones en la salud, la división entre la neurología y la psiquiatría, así como la separación entre los servicios de salud mental y la atención primaria, combinada con las limitaciones de tiempo y la carga de trabajo de los médicos, han llevado a un enfoque fragmentado de muchos trastornos. En estos casos, los factores psicológicos y emocionales desempeñan un papel importante, pero a menudo se abordan de forma inadecuada. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, mediante una revisión narrativa, las evidencias existentes entre la ira y la salud. La evidencia y los datos presentados apuntan a la necesidad de estudios analíticos basados en la metodología científica para explorar dicha relación, y en particular para adoptar un enfoque de salud integral que tenga en cuenta los determinantes sociales y el papel de la empatía entre los profesionales de la salud y la atención clínica y social. La prevención y el tratamiento de los problemas relacionados con la elevada prevalencia e intensidad de la ira son especialmente relevantes, dado el potencial impacto negativo que esta emoción puede tener sobre la salud física y mental de los pacientes, así como en su ajuste social y sus relaciones.
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