Dearq

Dearq | eISSN 2215-969X

From Symbolic Violence to Symbolic Reparation. Strengthening Resilience and Reparation in Conflict-Affected Areas through Place-(re)making. Examples from the West Bank and Colombia

No. 18 (2016-01-01)
  • Brigitte Piquard
    bpiquard@brookes.ac.uk Reader in Humanitarian Action and Conflict at Oxford Brookes University. She has worked as anthropologist in Asia, the Middle East and Colombia in the areas of culture, architecture and conflict. In 2013 she created the Observatory of Symbolic Violence.
https://doi.org/10.18389/dearq18.2016.06

Abstract

Based on examples from the West Bank and central Colombia, this paper investigates how, in conflict settings, symbolic violence affects populations and their perceptions of place, lifestyle and culture. It also looks at the potential that sense of place and place-making have to enhance conflict transformation and strengthen resilience and symbolic reparation. In extreme environments, symbolic violence in daily life and in daily practices has become way to actively impose social or symbolic domination; it can be challenged by community-based peace-building and place-making initiatives.

Keywords: Violencia simbólica, creación de espacios, resistencia, transformación del conflicto, West Bank, Colombia

References

Agamben, Giorgio. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Stanford: Standford University Press, 1998.

Alternative Information Centre (AIC). Occupation in Hebron. Jerusalem: AIC, 2004.

B'Tselem. Ghost Town Report: Israel's Separation Policy and Forced Eviction of Palestinians from the Centre of Hebron. Jerusalem: B'Tselem, 2007.

Blair, Elsa. “Memoria y poder: (des)centrar el poder del Estado y (des)estatalizar las memorias”. Universitas Humanística, n.º 72 (2011): 53-67. http://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/univhumanistica/article/view/2147/1390

Bourdieu, Pierre. Esquisse d'une théorie de la pratique. Paris: Droz, 1972.

Bourdieu, Pierre and Loic Wacquant. “On the Cunning of Imperialist Reason.” Theory, Culture and Society 16, n.º 1 (1999): 41-58.

Building Sumud Project. Existence is Resistance, Building Resilience in the South Hebron Hills. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2014.

Burawoy, Michael. “The State and the People: Symbolic Violence and Physical Violence.” Conversation with Pierre Bourdieu, The Johannesburg moment. Berkeley, n. d.: 1-9. http://burawoy.berkeley.edu/Bourdieu/KVH5.pdf (Accessed July 30, 2015).

Colaguori, Claudio. “Symbolic Violence and the Violation of Human Rights: Continuing the Sociological Critique of Domination.” International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory 3, n. 2 (2010): 388-400.

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. Beyond Boredom and Anxiety. WashingtonJossey-Bass Publishers, 1975.

Dudai, Ron. “Closing the Gap: Symbolic Reparations and Armed Groups.” International Review of the Red Cross 93, n.º 883 (2011): 783-808. doi:10.1017/S1816383112000082

ErrejónGalván, Íñigo. “Geografías del terror en Colombia”. Geopolítica(s) 1, nº. 1 (2010): 173-184.

Foucault, Michel. Surveiller et punir: naissance de la prison. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

Meszaros, Thomas. “Les violences symboliques au travers du prisme du formalisme européen”. In Les violences symboliques dans les relations internationales, 1-24. Toulouse: AFSP Congres, 2007.

Naidu, Ereshnee. Symbolic Reparations: A Fractured Opportunity. Johannesburg: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation,2004. http://www.csvr.org.za/docs/livingmemory/symbolicreparations.pdf (Accessed June, 24, 2015).

Oslender, Ulrich. Comunidades negras y espacio en el Pacífico colombiano: hacia un giro geográfico en el estudio de los movimientos sociales. Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia, 2008.

Piquard, Brigitte. “The Politics of the West Bank Wall: Symbolic Violence and Spaciocide.” In The Politics of Making, edited by Mark Swenarton, Igea Troiani, and Helena Webster, 25-35. London: Routledge, 2007.

Piquard, Brigitte and Mark Swenarton. “Learning from Architecture and Conflict.” The Journal of Architecture 16, n.º 1 (2011): 1-14.

Roislien, HanneEggen. “Living with Contradictions: Examining the Worldview of the Jewish Settlers in Hebron.” International Journal of Conflict and Violence 1, n.º 2 (2007): 169-184.

Rotter, Julian. “Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement.” Psychological Monographs: General & Applied 80, n.º 1 (1966): 1-28.

Segal, Rafi and Eyal Weizman. A Civilian Occupation:The Politics of Israeli Architecture. Tel Aviv: Babel & Verso, 2003.

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). “UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction”. http://www.unisdr.org/files/7817_UNISDRTerminologyEnglish.pdf (Accessed August 9, 2014).

VanTeeffelen, Toine and Fuad Giacaman. “Sumud - Resistance in DAILY Life.” In Challenging the Wall: Toward a Pedagogy of Hope, edited by Toine van Teeffelen, 20-34. Bethlehem: Arab Educational Institute, 2007.

Zea, JuanEsteban. “Internal Displacement: Violence, Public and Socio-Economic Policy in Colombia.” The Michigan Journal of Public Affairs n.º 8 (2011): 1-15.