Naturaleza y Sociedad. Desafíos Medioambientales

Nat. Soc.: Desafíos Medioambient. | eISSN 2805-8631

Fome zero e conservação da biodiversidade. Desafios para a conservação de predadores de topo e a pecuária sustentável na América Latina

No. 2 (01-05-2022)
  • Cristian Bonacic
    Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Chile)
  • Skarleth Chinchilla
    Universidad Zamorano (Honduras)
  • Constanza Arévalo
    Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Chile)
  • Heliot Zarza
    Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana - Unidad Lerma (México)
  • Jesús Pacheco
    Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (México)
  • Gerardo Ceballos
    Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (México)

Resumo

A conservação da biodiversidade e o desenvolvimento da pecuária não caminham juntas na América Latina. Por um lado, a pecuária tem como prioridade prover proteína de origem animal às comunidades locais; por outro, a crescente mudança de uso de solo de selvas e florestas a terras de pastoreio dá como resultado o aumento de muitos casos de conflito entre os produtores pecuaristas e os grandes carnívoros. Historicamente, ambas as prioridades não vêm sendo analisadas em conjunto. Os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS) têm como principal missão integrar, coordenar e propor opções que permitam uma melhor qualidade de vida e um desenvolvimento sustentável. Os ODS 2 e 15 da Agenda 2030 explicitam fome zero e conservação da biodiversidade como parte da estratégia. Neste trabalho, foi analisado o conflito entre a atividade pecuária e os grandes felinos, predadores de topo, como o puma (Puma concolor) e a onça-pintada (Panthera onca) na América Latina. Nem a onça-pintada, nem o puma têm como hábito atacar espécies domésticas, mas, se esses felinos carecem de presas naturais e compartilham áreas onde há gado, caçam animais domésticos, com o que é gerado um conflito entre conservação e produção de alimentos. Neste trabalho, é abordada e proposta uma estratégia para cumprir com o ODS 2 (“fome zero”) e o ODS 15 (“conservação da biodiversidade”), para o caso especial dos predadores de topo e seu conflito com a pecuária na América Latina.

Palavras-chave: fome zero, onça-pintada, ODS 2, ODS 15, pecuária sustentável, predadores, puma

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