Revista de Estudios Sociales

rev. estud. soc. | eISSN 1900-5180 | ISSN 0123-885X

Indigeneidad y política indígena: recursos innovadores

No. 85 (2023-07-01)
  • Antonio A. R. Ioris
    Cardiff University, Reino Unido

Resumen

El propósito de este artículo es relacionar la importante cuestión de la autonomía de los pueblos indígenas, en términos de tomar decisiones sobre su vida libremente, con la noción de indigeneidad, reconceptualizada como un recurso socialmente construido y profundamente cuestionado. Los recursos son más que simples activos estáticos o cantidades de materia a la espera de ser medidos, explorados o protegidos. Algo se convierte en recurso a través de procesos conjuntos de cuantificación, valoración y normalización. En este orden de ideas, indigeneidad no es solo la constatación de algo o alguien en relación con “algo más”, sino un nexo de autorrealización e intervención política de los pueblos indígenas. Ser indígena es existir políticamente en el espacio y vinculado con fuerzas y procesos antagonistas que degradan constantemente la condición étnica y social. Por lo tanto, la indigeneidad es un recurso que presupone el valor y la lucha por los derechos y por otros recursos (llamados) indígenas que se encuentran en sus tierras. La principal contribución de este artículo es la afirmación de que la indigeneidad es un recurso innovador y una reacción formulada en los intersticios de las viejas y nuevas maquinarias de la colonialidad orientada al mercado. Se reinterpreta como especial y altamente politizado, y opuesto directa e indirectamente a los procesos de acaparamiento del mundo y a la apropiación de otros recursos territorializados de las zonas indígenas. Se concluye que la indigeneidad, como recurso innovador, se ha convertido en un factor clave en el proceso de reconocimiento externo e interno, que galvaniza la movilización política y propicia formas novedosas de interacción. Lo que hace que los pueblos indígenas sean cada vez más únicos es también lo que los hace compartir una lucha sociopolítica con grupos sociales aliados y subalternos. 

Palabras clave: clase, etnicidad, geografía indígena, guarani-kaiowa, recursividad, lucha por la tierra, movilización indígena, pueblos indígenas, reacciones de base

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