Indigeneidade e política indígena: recursos inovadores
No. 85 (2023-07-01)Autor(es)
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Antonio A. R. IorisCardiff University, United Kingdom
Resumo
O objetivo deste artigo é relacionar a importante questão da autonomia dos povos indígenas, em termos de tomar livremente decisões sobre sua vida, com a noção de indigeneidade, reconceituada como um recurso socialmente construído e profundamente questionado. Os recursos são mais do que simples ativos estáticos ou quantidades de matéria à espera de ser avaliados, explorados ou protegidos. Algo se converte em recurso por meio de processos conjuntos de quantificação, valorização e normalização. Nessa ordem de ideias, indigeneidade não é somente a constatação de algo ou alguém com relação a “algo mais”, mas também de autorrealização e intervenção política dos povos indígenas. Ser indígena é existir politicamente no espaço e vinculado com forças e processos antagonistas que degradam constantemente a condição ética e social. Portanto, a indigeneidade é um recurso que pressupõe o valor e a luta pelos direitos e por outros recursos (chamados) indígenas que se encontram em suas terras. A principal contribuição deste artigo é a afirmação de que a indigeneidade é um recurso inovador e uma reação formulada nos interstícios das velhas e novas maquinarias da colonialidade orientada ao mercado. É reinterpretado como especial e altamente politizado, e oposto direta e indiretamente aos processos de acumulação do mundo e à apropriação de outros recursos territorializados das áreas indígenas. Conclui-se que a indigeneidade, como recurso inovador, é convertido em um fator-chave no processo de reconhecimento externo e interno, que estimula a mobilização política e propicia novas formas de interação. O que faz com que os povos indígenas sejam cada vez mais únicos é também o que os faz compartilhar uma luta sociopolítica com grupos sociais aliados e subalternos.
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