Revista de Estudios Sociales

rev. estud. soc. | eISSN 1900-5180 | ISSN 0123-885X

Mediações entre endividamento e consumo: construção e consumidores financeiros e domesticação do crédito no Chile

No. 85 (2023-07-01)
  • Alejandro Marambio-Tapia
    Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile
https://doi.org/10.7440/res85.2023.03

Resumo

A forma particular adquirida pelo capitalismo chileno vem exigindo a produção de consumidores financeiros, que deambulam pela sociedade de consumo com renda baixa, mas com grande acesso ao crédito. Em consequência, estar endividado é uma expectativa comum no Chile. Com base em 46 entrevistas em profundidade com consumidores financeiros endividados, são abordadas as práticas, as materialidades e avaliações morais e sociais sobre o crédito e a dívida, que podem se ressignificar e se domesticar num contexto de profunda normalização do endividamento. À luz desses dados, é possível identificar três processos relacionados: (1) as operações morais que permitem o desajuste do crédito e da dívida; (2) a ressignificação de preços, valores e materialidades por meio das diferentes práticas de crédito que os consumidores financeiros usam para sobreviver numa sociedade de consumo precária; (3) e a avaliação e categorização subjetivas dos níveis de endividamento ao subverter as quantificações e categorizações convencionais sobre a dívida. Esses argumentos e suas respectivas evidências ajudam a explicar como esses consumidores financeiros podem desmoralizar o endividamento e ressignificar o crédito; e explorar como isso poderia abrir espaços de contra-agência, coletivização e politização dos sujeitos endividados. Este artigo contribui para discutir sobre o significado da dívida, para compreender a financeirização da vida cotidiana e entender a instalação e participação na sociedade de consumo sob a perspectiva de sujeitos subordinados no sul global.

Palavras-chave: consumidor financeiro, consumo, crédito, dívida, financeirização

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