Revista de Estudios Sociales

rev. estud. soc. | eISSN 1900-5180 | ISSN 0123-885X

Rumo à inteligência artificial centrada no ser humano: contribuições das ciências sociais

No. 93 (2025-07-25)
  • Andrés Páez
    Universidad de los Andes, Colômbia
    ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-7490
  • Juan David Gutiérrez
    Universidad de los Andes, Colômbia
    ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7783-4850
  • Diana Acosta-Navas
    Loyola University Chicago, Estados Unidos
    ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5351-5820
https://doi.org/10.7440/res93.2025.01

Resumo

Esta introdução ao dossiê da Revista de Estudios Sociales, dedicado à relação entre as ciências sociais e a inteligência artificial (IA), parte da premissa de que as ciências sociais não apenas desempenham um papel fundamental na análise e compreensão das profundas transformações na vida humana que a irrupção da IA implicou, mas também, e sobretudo, exercem uma função essencial na orientação do desenvolvimento futuro da IA para que esteja alinhada ao bem-estar humano e ao desenvolvimento individual. Para garantir que o projeto, o desenvolvimento, o uso e a avaliação de sistemas de IA sejam centrados no ser humano, são necessários ferramentas conceituais, dados experimentais e conhecimento prático acumulado pelas ciências sociais no trabalho com diversas comunidades. Uma IA centrada nos seres humanos e alinhada a seus interesses depende das ciências sociais para existir. Nesta introdução, concentramo-nos em três áreas nas quais consideramos que as ciências sociais podem desempenhar esse papel como um guia para o desenvolvimento futuro da IA. Por um lado, acreditamos que um dos efeitos mais significativos da IA na vida humana é a maneira como ela está reconfigu­rando as relações interpessoais. A IA mudou a maneira como as pessoas se comunicam, formam relacionamentos, constroem sua identidade, cooperam e lidam com divergências. Por outro lado, examinamos o impacto da IA na igualdade social. Modelos treinados em dados históricos têm o potencial de perpetuar as desigualdades sociais e os vieses refletidos nesses dados e produzir resultados que prejudicam membros de grupos marginalizados. Por fim, interessa-nos compreender como o desenvolvimento e a utilização das diferentes aplicações da IA influenciam os regimes políticos, a política pública, a burocracia e o Estado.

Palavras-chave: algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, discriminação algorítmica, IA e democracia, relações interpessoais, uso de IA nas ciências sociais

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