Processos psicossociais ligados à memória e ao perdão em vítimasmobilizadas na Colômbia
No. 86 (2023-10-26)Autor(es)
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Diana Rico ReveloUniversidad del Norte, ColombiaORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3313-131X
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Hellen Cristancho GarridoUniversidad de Caldas, ColombiaORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2640-1369
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Andrea de la Cruz BarriosUniversidad del Norte, Colombia
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Mónica AlzateUniversidad de Santiago de Compostela, EspañaORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-535X
Resumo
Em um contexto permeado por vários processos de justiça de transição e ainda afetado por dinâmicas de violência, neste artigo, são analisadas as dimensões psicossociais ligadas ao perdão e à memória nas experiências de membros de organizações sociais vítimas do conflito armado colombiano, a fim de compreender e explorar os processos cognitivos, emocionais e atitudinais que limitam e facilitam o perdão. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia mista com dois estudos nos estados de Atlántico e Caldas. No primeiro, foi aplicado um projeto fenomenológico para descobrir ideias e emoções sobre memória e perdão em líderes de coletivos de vítimas; no segundo, foi implementado um projeto não experimental para analisar a interação entre três fatores que explicam a disposição para o perdão (DP): ressentimento duradouro (RD), sensibilidade às circunstâncias (SC) e perdão incondicional (PI). O estudo qualitativo evidenciou sentidos em torno da memória que limitam o perdão (RD, crenças exclusivas da vítima e obstáculos percebidos à eficácia das medidas de justiça transicional) e ressignificações da memória que o favorecem (compreensão do conflito, crenças inclusivas da vítima, memória vinculada à justiça transicional e PI). O estudo quantitativo indicou que a SC explica o PI, enquanto o RD constitui um obstáculo. Há progresso na compreensão da relação entre memória e perdão em cenários de transição, o que revela os desafios para a gestão construtiva da memória em termos de perdão, a intervenção do RD e o desenvolvimento da SC a favor do perdão em nível local e regional, não apenas nacional.
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