Perdão e deixar ir: maneiras de mudar o ambiente normativo
No. 86 (2023-10-26)Autor(es)
-
Dana Kay NelkinUniversity of California, San Diego, United States
Resumo
O perdão é muitas vezes diferenciado de outras formas de remoção (ou diminuição) da culpa, como, por exemplo, o deixar ir Neste artigo, concentro-me em uma concepção do perdão como uma mudança no ambiente normativo (a alteração dos direitos e obrigações das partes envolvidas) e exploro a distinção entre o perdão — entendido dessa forma — e o deixar ir. Destaco o poder explicativo dessa abordagem para diferenciar o perdão e o deixar ir, e a contrasto com uma forma alternativa em que o foco está principalmente em um tipo de mudança de atitude. Concluo comparando as consequências do perdão e do deixar ir para outros fenômenos importantes, como a reconciliação.
Referências
Allais, Lucy. 2008. “Wiping the Slate Clean: The Heart of Forgiveness.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 36 (1): 33-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1088-4963.2008.00123.x
Amaya, Santiago. 2019. “Forgiving as Emotional Distancing.” Journal of Social and Political Philosophy 36 (1): 6-26. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0265052519000311
Associated Press. 2022. “Alabama Executes Joe Nathan James Jr Despite Opposition From Victim’s Family.” The Guardian, July 28, 2022. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/28/alabama-to-execute-convicted-killer-
despite-opposition-from-victims-family?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other.
Bennett, Christopher. 2018. “The Alteration Thesis: Forgiveness as a Normative Power.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 46 (2): 207-233. https://doi.org/10.1111/papa.12117
Bratman, Michael E. 1999. Intentions, Plans, and Practical Reason. Chicago: CSLI Publications.
Brink, David O. and Dana Kay Nelkin. 2022 “Blame, Its Nature and Significance.” In The Oxford Handbook of Moral Psychology, edited by John Doris and Manuel Vargas, 177-196. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brunning, Luke and Per-Erik Milam. 2022. “Letting Go of Blame.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 106 (3): 702-740. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12899
Butler, Joseph. 1827. Fifteen Sermons. Boston: Hilliard and Brown.
Chaplin, Rosalind. 2019. “Taking It Personally: Third Party Forgiveness, Close Relationships, and Standing to Forgive.” In Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics, vol. 9, edited by Mark Timmons, 73-94. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Darby, Ryan, Per-Erik Milam, Britta Larsen, Dana Kay Nelkin, Christine Harris and Nicholas Christenfeld. “Forgiving, Letting go, and Excusing.” Unpublished manuscript.
Fricker, Miranda. 2019. “An Ordered Pluralism.” Australasian Philosophical Review 3 (3): 241-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/24740500.2020.1859230
García, Ernesto V. 2011. “Bishop Butler on Forgiveness and Resentment.” Philosophers Imprint 11 (10): 1-19. http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.3521354.0011.010
Garrard, Eve and David McNaughton. 2010. Forgiveness. Durham: Acumen.
Helmreich, Jeffrey S. 2015. “The Apologetic Stance.” Philosophy and Public Affairs 43 (2): 75-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/papa.12053
Hieronymi, Pamela. 2001. “Articulating an Uncompromising Forgiveness.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 62 (3): 529-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1933-1592.2001.tb00073.x
Hirji, Sukaina. 2022. “Outrage and the Bounds of Empathy”. Philosophers Imprint 22: 16. https//doi.org/10.3998/phimp.1296
MacLachlan, Alice. 2017. “In Defense of Third-Party Forgiveness.” In The Moral Psychology of Forgiveness, edited by Kathryn Norlock, 135-159. New York: Roman and Littlefield.
Adams, Marilyn McCord. 1991. “Forgiveness: A Christian Model.” Faith and Philosophy 8 (3): 277-304. https://doi.org/10.5840/faithphil19918319
Milam, Per-Erik. 2019. “Permission, Blame, and Forgiveness.” Australasian Philosophical Review 3 (3): 324-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/24740500.2020.1859237
Murphy, Jeffrey and Jean Hampton. 1988. Forgiveness and Mercy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Nelkin, Dana Kay. 2011. Making Sense of Freedom and Responsibility. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nelkin, Dana Kay. 2013. “Freedom and Forgiveness.” In Free Will and Moral Responsibility, edited by Ishtiyaque Haji and Justin Caoette, 165-188. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Press.
Nelkin, Dana Kay. “Butler on Forgiveness and the Proper Degree of Resentment”. Unpublished manuscript.
Newberry, Paul. 2001. “Joseph Butler on Forgiveness: A Presupposed Theory of Emotion.” Journal of the History of Ideas 62 (2): 223-244. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhi.2001.0016
Norlock, Kathryn. 2009. “Why Self-Forgiveness Needs Third-Party Forgiveness.” In Forgiveness: Probing the Boundaries, edited by Stephen Bloch-Shulman and David White, 17-29. Oxford: Inter-Disciplinary Press.
Ochoa, Tyler and Andrew Wistrich. 1997. “The Puzzling Purposes of Statutes of Limitations.” Pacific Law Journal 28 (3): 453-514. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=11337
Owens, David. 2012. Shaping the Normative Landscape. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Owens, David. 2011. “The Possibility of Consent.” Ratio 24 (4): 402-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9329.2011.00509.x
Pereboom, Derk. 2021. “Forgiveness as Renunciation of Moral Protest.” In Forgiveness and Its Moral Dimensions, edited by Brandon Warmke, Dana Kay Nelkin and Michael McKenna, 83-100. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pettigrove, Glen. 2012. Forgiveness and Love. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Quinn, Warren. 1989. “Actions, Intentions, and Consequences: The Doctrine of Doing and Allowing.” The Philosophical Review 98 (3): 287-312. https://doi.org/10.2307/2185021
Renzo, Massimo. 2022. “Defective Normative Powers: The Case of Consent.” Journal of Practical Ethics 10 (1): 49-77. https://doi.org/10.3998/jpe.2382
Rickless, Samuel C. 1997. “The Doctrine of Doing and Allowing.” The Philosophical Review 106 (4): 555-575. https://doi.org/10.2307/2998512
Scarre, Geoffrey. 2016. “On Taking Back Forgiveness.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 19: 931-944. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-015-9651-z
Shoemaker, David. 2021. “The Forgiven.” In Forgiveness and Its Moral Dimensions, edited by Brandon Warmke, Dana Kay Nelkin and Michael McKenna, 29-56. New York: Oxford University Press.
Srinivasan, Amia. 2018. “The Aptness of Anger.” The Journal of Political Philosophy 26 (2): 123-144. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12130
Swinburne, Richard. 1989. Responsibility and Atonement. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Swinburne, Richard. 2021. “Forgiving as a Performative Utterance.” In Forgiveness and Its Moral Dimensions, edited by Brandon Warmke, Dana Kay Nelkin and Michael McKenna, 127-145. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wallace, R. Jay. 2019 “Trust, Anger, Resentment, Forgiveness: On Blame and Its Reasons.” European Journal of Philosophy 27 (3): 537-551. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12485
Warmke, Brandon. 2016. “The Normative Significance of Forgiveness.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 94 (4): 687-703. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048402.2015.1126850
Warmke, Brandon, Dana Kay Nelkin and Michael McKenna, eds. 2021. Forgiveness and Its Moral Dimensions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wonderly, Monique. 2021a. “Can We Un-Forgive?” Philosophers Imprint 21 (6): 1-13. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/can-we-un-forgive.pdf?c=phimp;idno=3521354.0021.006;format=pdf
Wonderly, Monique. 2021b. “Forgiving, Committing, and Un-forgiving.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 104 (2): 474-488. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpr.12772
Licença
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista de Estudios Sociales

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.