Idoneidad climática de tres especies de vertebrados invasores en Áreas Naturales Protegidas en el noreste de México
No. 14 (13-02-2026)Autor/a(es/as)
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Jorge E. Ramírez-AlboresDepartamento de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (México)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-3717
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Heliot ZarzaDepartamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma (México)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-0811
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Marlín Pérez-SuárezInstituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (México)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-4771
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José F. González-MayaDepartamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Lerma (México)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8942-5157
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J. Javier Ochoa-EspinozaDepartamento de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro (México)Identificador ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2140-8676
Resumen
Las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP) son pilares fundamentales para la conservación de la biodiversidad, pero son vulnerables a múltiples presiones y, en particular, a sufrir invasiones biológicas por las constantes e intensas actividades humanas. La región noreste de México, que comprende Coahuila, Nuevo León y Tamaulipas, presenta alta biodiversidad y elevado endemismo, con más de 80 ANP. Sin embargo, en años recientes se ha registrado la presencia de especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) de alto potencial de propagación en esta región. En este trabajo, se presenta un análisis de las invasiones biológicas a través de la evaluación de la idoneidad climática actual y futura de tres EEI: paloma de collar turca (Streptopelia decaocto), cerdo asilvestrado (Sus scrofa) y borrego berberisco (Ammotragus lervia) en Áreas Naturales Protegidas del noreste de México, con el fin de identificar zonas de alto riesgo de invasión y contribuir al diseño de estrategias preventivas de manejo y conservación. A partir de la modelación del nicho ecológico de estas especies mediante el programa MaxEnt, se obtuvieron las áreas de distribución geográficas potenciales para dichas especies y se delimitaron las zonas de mayor riesgo en las ANP. Se identificó que la distribución potencial de las tres especies abarca aproximadamente el 44 % de la superficie de estas zonas de conservación; las áreas con mayor vulnerabilidad corresponden a Maderas del Carmen, Ocampo y Cumbres de Monterrey. Los modelos obtenidos indican un aumento en la distribución bajo el escenario climático futuro de A. lervia y S. scrofa domesticus, mientras que la distribución de S. decaocto presenta una ligera disminución. Este estudio sugiere la implementación de una estrategia regional de monitoreo y vigilancia sobre especies exóticas invasoras para tomar acciones de manejo que interrumpan la dispersión de dichas especies, así como su impacto sobre la flora y la fauna silvestre en el noreste de México.
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